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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology |
The science that studies the behavior and cognition of organism |
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Empiricism |
Knowledge comes from experience via the senses and science flourishes thru obsevation and experiment
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Structualism |
School in psych that used introspection to explore the human mind
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Functionalism |
School in psych that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function (adapt, survives, florishes)
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Hindsight Bias |
Tendacy to believe after learning an outcome that you would have foreseen it
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Replication |
Repeating a research study to see if the finding will be the same with diff participants and circumstances
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False Consensus Effect |
Tendacy to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
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Placebo |
A blank sunstance used in experiments to make the person in the control group think that they are part of the experiment also produce a false effect
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Cognitive Perspective |
To understand behavior one must examine how people think, aquire, store and process information |
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Behavioral Perspective |
Only obsevable behaviors can be studied |
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Humanistic Perspective |
Humans are free rational beings with the potential for personal growth
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Biological Perspective (Neuroscience) |
Our functioning can be explained by the workings of the brain and nervous system
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Psychoanalytic Perspective |
Unconscious motives and experiences or internal conflicts determines behavior, personality, and mental disorders (Freud)
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Socio-Cultural Perspective |
Behavior is influenced by social or cultural systems
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Evolutionary Perspective |
Behavior and internal processes are adapted for survival;natural selection favors behaviors that echances reproductive sucess (Darwin )
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Socrates |
Greek philosopher who believed logic comes from experience |
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Aristotle |
Greek philosopher who denied existence of innate ideas, heart is seat of mental processes |
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Plato |
Greek philosopher who believed in innate ideas, brain is seat of mental processes
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John Locke |
Englishmen who insisted that the mind is a blank slate; stressed empiricism over speculation |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
Father of Psychology, founder of first psych lab @ Uni of Leipzig, founder of structualism (introspection)
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William James |
Author of The Principles of Psychology |
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John Watson |
Father of Behaviorism
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Sigmund Freud |
Father of Psychoanaylsis and wrote Interpretation of Dreams
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Carl Wernicke |
Geman Neurologist that showed damage to the left temperal lobe disrupt the ability to comprehend language
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Paul Broca |
French physician who showed the left frontal lobe as critical for the prosuction of language
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BF Skinner |
Father of Operant Conditioning
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Albert Bandura |
Father of observational learning and publishes social learning theory; Bobo Doll experiments
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Blackemore and Copper |
Studies with perception of cats placed in cylinder with horizontal or vertical lines; cats were unable to see the opposite lines
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EL Thorndike |
Proposed the law of effect and performed classical conditioning on cats in puzzle boxes |
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Ivan Pavlov |
Father of classical conditioning; experiments with dogs salivationing
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Franz Mesmur |
Father of Hypnosis |
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Phineas Euge |
Massive damage to frontal lobe when a rod pierced his brain leaving perfect memory and intellect but altered his personality |
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Mary Calkins |
First female pres of the APA; studies with memory |
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Margerat Washburn |
First female to recieve Ph.D in Psych (Cornell) |
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Herman Ebbinghaus |
Father of Memory |
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Monism |
Term for the belief that mind and body are diff aspects of the same thing |
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Dualism |
Term for the belief that mind and body are 2 distinct entities that interact |
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Parapsychology |
Study of paranormal phenomena |
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Human factors |
Explored how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environment can be adapted to human behaviors |
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Clinical Psychology |
Studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders |
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Industrial organizational |
Apply psychology concepts methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces |
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Cognitive |
Investigates memory thinking reasoning language and decision making |
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Counseling |
Assist individuals in dealing with personal problems that do not involve mental disorders |
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IV |
Experimental factor that can be manipulated variable whose effect is being studied if part of hypothesis |
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DV |
Experimental factors being studied variable that may change in response to manipulation of independent variable then part of hypothesis |
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Control Group |
Participants who are not exposed to IV serves as a comparidon for evaluating the effect of the treatment |
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Experimental Group |
Participants are exposed to the treatment independent variable |
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Polpulation |
All the members of the group being studied |
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Random Sample |
Choosing the participants in an experiment so every member has an equal chance of being included in allows you to generalize your results to the larger group |
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Double Blind Procedure |
A control procedure in which neither the experimenter in charge of gathering information nor the participants are aware of which condition they are in |
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Random Assignment |
Procedure of dividing the participants into the experimental or control group to minimize previous and differences |
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Hawthorne Effect |
Term for being selected president in an experiment will affect the performance because they feel special |
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Confounding Variable |
The difference that exist between the experimental and control conditions that can alter the results for example different room temperatures |
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Case Study |
Observation technique in which person is studied in debt in hope of revealing universal principles; problem using this: misleading show bias can't generalize |
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Survey |
Getting self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people usually via questioning a representative random sample of them; problems with using this: people lie wording can alter results may not be representative |
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Naturalistic Observation |
Observing and recording behavior in a natural situation without manipulating or controlling the situation; problems with using this: informal, doesnt answer how or why |
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Correlation |
A prediction showing the movement of 1 variable and how it relates the other variable; problems with using this: no cause or effect |
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Illusory Correlation |
A false prediction that there is a relationship between 2 variables when none exist |