Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Difference Between Tendons and Ligaments
|
Ligaments connect bone to bone whereas Tendons connect muscle to bone
|
|
Compare fusiform and multipennate muscles.
|
Fusiform muscles have long, straight fibres whereas multipennate muscles have branching fibres. There are different types of multipennate muscles.
|
|
The all or nothing principle
|
Either all of the fibres in a motor unit will fire or none will, hence all or nothing.
|
|
What is inertia?
|
An objects resistance to change from its current state of movement, including not moving.
|
|
What's an aerobic steady state
|
Oxygen demand is equal to oxygen supply
|
|
Muscle arrangement of a fusiform muscle
|
Long straight fibres the run from tendon to tendon
|
|
Tidal Volume
|
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath
|
|
Respiratory Rate
|
the rate at which a person inhales and exhales;
|
|
Minute Ventilation is?
|
The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute
|
|
Ventilation= Respiratory Rate vs Tidal Volume
|
How quickly you are breathing vs How much air you are taking in
|
|
Define linear motion
|
When all body parts are moving in the same direction at the same time
|
|
Define force
|
A force is a push or pull on an object. A force is an interaction with another object.
|
|
What are carbohydrates converted to for storage?
|
Glycogen
|
|
What molecule splits, to create energy?
|
Adenosine Tri-phosphate
|
|
Compare range of motion for:
Ball and socket joint Pivot Joint Hinge Joint |
Ball and socket: Has a large range of motion in all planes of movement
Hinge: Has movement in only one plane of movement, Up or down Pivot: Can only offer rotation |
|
Characteristics of fast and slow twitch fibres
|
Fast Twitch: White in colour, offers short, explosive energy
Slow twitch: Red in colour, lasts a lot longer than fast twitch |
|
Define Superior/Inferior and Flexion/Extension
|
Superior: Closer to the head than another part
Inferior: Closer to the feet than another part Flexion: Bone angle is decreasing Extension Bone angle is increasing |
|
How does changing weight of an athlete change momentum in a collision.
|
Momentum= Mass x Velocity
|
|
Difference between velocity and acceleration
|
Velocity is the product of Displacement and change in time whereas Acceleration is the measure in change of velocity over time.
|
|
Blood Flow to major organs and skeletal muscles
|
The longer you exercise for, the larger the percentage of blood that is going to your muscles. At the start most is going to the organs.
|
|
Stroke Volume
|
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat
|
|
Cardiac Output= Heart Rate Stroke Volume
|
the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a given period of time
|
|
Arterio venous Oxygen Difference
|
The amount of oxygen carried by the blood, higher when exercising than at rest
|
|
How is V02 maximum written/expressed
|
V02 max is the maximum oxygen usage available in one minute at max performance.
Maximum aerobic capacity |
|
Advantages of Anaerobic and Aerobic pathways.
|
Anaerobic: Advantages are offers a prolonged explosive burst of energy, no oxygen is required. Disadvantages are the by-product of lactic acid, doesn't last as long as aerobic system.
Aerobic: Lasts for an extremely long time and no by products other than carbon dioxide. Disadvantages are it doesn't offer the same power as anaerobic or atp-cp. |
|
What happens when muscles contract?
|
Actin and Myosin slide over each other causing contraction.
|
|
What happens to an ATP molecule when used for energy.
|
It is "burnt up"
|
|
What movements can occur at the Hip, Knee and Ankle
|
Hip- Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, internal and external rotation
Knee- Flexion and Extension Anke: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Circumduction |
|
What types of Joints are the hip, knee and ankle
|
Hip is ball and socket, knee is hinge and ankle is codyloid
|
|
What muscles would cause these movements
|
For hip it would be the Quadriceps and Gluteus Maximus, For the knee it would be Quadriceps and Hamstrings and For the ankle is would be Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior
|
|
What four bones form the knee
|
Femur, Tibia, Fibula and Patella
|
|
Difference Between Isotonic and Isometric Contractions.
|
Isotonic involve a change in muscle length whereas Isometric do not.
|
|
What is reciprocal inhibition
|
When one muscle lengthens, its "partner" muscle must shorten.
|
|
Define direct and indirect injuries
|
Direct injuries are caused by and external force whereas internal forces cause indirect injuries.
|
|
How and When might Ice and heat be used in treating such injuries.
|
Ice to reduce swelling and Heat to loosen and relax muscle.
|
|
Is using a pain killer ethical for an athlete
|
Yes, as long as it it not a regular thing
|
|
Would kicking a football or playing the piano activate more motor units?
|
Kicking a football
|
|
Principles of Good Stability
|
Lower Centre of Gravity, Multiple points of contact with ground, Wide base of support
|
|
What is a motor unit
|
A part of the muscle that contains muscle fibre
|
|
What is the equation for angular momentum
|
Angular momentum = Moment of Inertia x Angular Velocity
|
|
4 main chambers of the heart
|
Left and Right Atrium, Left and Right ventricle
|
|
Define a sprain and a strain
|
A sprain is a more serious version of a strain. Both are caused when a joint moves beyond its usual range of movement and either tendons or ligaments are either stretched or torn.
|