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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chemistry |
The study of the properties of matter and the changes it undergoes |
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Caustic |
An agent that burns or destroys living tissue |
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Heterogenous |
A mixture in which the particles are not uniformly scattered; does not have a uniform composition |
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Homogenous |
A mixture in which the particles are uniformly scattered |
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Physical Change |
Change in form but not in chemical composition; no new substances are formed |
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Chemical Change |
A change in which one or more new chemical substances are formed |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
In a chemical change, the total mass of the new substance is always the same as the total mass of the original substances |
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Law of Definite Composition |
Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in fixed (or definite) proportions |
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Electrolysis |
The process of decomposing a chemical compound by passing an electric current through it |
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Dalton's Atomic Theory |
States that: All matter is made up of small particles called atoms; atoms can not be created, destroyed, or divided into smaller particles; all atoms of the same element are identical in size and mass. Atoms of one element are different in size and mass from the atoms of other elements; compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in definite proportions |
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Element |
A pure substance made up of one type of particle, cannot be broken down into simpler substance by means of chemical change |
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Compounds |
Pure substance that are made up of two or more elements chemically combined together; can be broken down into elements again by chemic means |
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Electrons |
Negatively charged particles |
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Atomic Nucleus |
The center of the atom; contains the protons and neutrons |
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Proton |
Negatively charged particle found inside the atomic nucleus |
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Neutrons |
Uncharged particles in the atomic nucleus |
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Element Symbols |
One or more letters used to represent the name of a substance (e.g, O is the symbol for Oxygen) |
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Chemical Family |
A group of related elements that have similar properties |
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Atomic Mass |
The average mass of an atom of an element |
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Atomic Number |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Mass Number |
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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Ionic Compund |
Formed when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms |
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Molecular Compund |
Formed when atoms share electrons |
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Chemical Formula |
A formula that shows the number and types of atoms in a formula |
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Molecule |
Smallest independent unit of a pure substance, generally a cluster of atoms joined together |
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Diatomic Molecules |
Molecules made of two atoms of the same element |
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Binary Compounds |
Compounds made of two elements |
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Conductivity |
The ability of a substance to carry an electric current |
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Chemical Reaction |
A process in which a substance is changed into one or more new substances |
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Reactants |
The substances that go into a chemical reaction |
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Products |
The substances produced by a chemical reaction |
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Exothermic |
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released to the surroundings |
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Endothermic |
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is taken from the surroundings |
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Reaction Rate |
A measure of how fast a reaction occurs |
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Catalyst |
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in a reaction |
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Enzyme |
A special protein molecule that regulates chemical reactions in living organisms |
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Inhibitors |
Substances that slow down or prevent chemical reactions |
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Corrosion |
A process whereby metals or stone are chemically degraded or broken down |
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Rust |
Iron oxide, a product of the chemical reaction of iron, oxygen, and moisture |
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Galvanization |
The process of protecting metals by coating them with a thin layer of zinc |
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Combustion |
The highly exothermic combination of a substamce with oxygen; requires heat, oxygen, and fuel |