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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fluid containing numerous solutes |
cytoplasm |
|
acts as a gatekeeper allowing substances to go in our out while keeping others from moving in or out |
plasma membrane, nuclear membrane |
|
compartment that separates the DNA from the cytoplasm |
nucleus |
|
DNA wrapped around storage proteins |
chromosomes |
|
area where ribosomes are produced |
nucleolus |
|
protein synthesis and modification |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
|
detoxification and lipid metabolism |
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
|
packages substances for transport out of the cell |
golgi complex |
|
storage and transport |
vacuole |
|
digestion and breakdown of nutrients, wastes and pathogens |
lysosome |
|
protein synthesis |
ribosome |
|
produces the vast amount of ATP |
mitochondrian
|
|
function in cell division to produce spindle fibers |
centriole |
|
structures that make up the cytoskeleton |
microtubule |
|
proteins that are use to make microtubules |
microfilament |
|
provides form for the and points of attachment for the organelles |
cytoskeleton |
|
short extensions of the cytoskeleton used for movement |
cilium |
|
long extensions of the cytoskeleton used for movement |
flagellum |
|
a ______ that binds to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells |
receptor |
|
breaks down a chemical messenger and terminates its effect on the target cell |
enzyme |
|
constantly open and allows solutes to pass into and out of the cell |
channel protein |
|
opens and closes to allow solutes through into the cell only at certain times |
gated channel |
|
a glycoprotein acting as a ___________ distinguishing the body's own cells from foreign cells |
cell-identity marker |
|
binds one cell to another |
cell-adhesion molecule |
|
small gaps allowing smaller substances out, filtering out small particles; large molecules are held inside |
filtration |
|
for particles too large to go through the plasma membrane |
bulk transport |
|
"into the cell" |
endocytosis |
|
two forms of endocytosis |
phagocytosis, pinocytosis |
|
"to eat" |
phagocytosis |
|
"cell drinking" taking in large amounts of water |
pinocytosis |
|
"exiting the cell" |
exocytosis |
|
______ created by the movement of water toward a ______ solute concentration |
osmotic pressure, higher |
|
allows water through, but not solute |
semipermeable membrane |
|
most of our cells are _______ because we don't have cell walls |
isotonic
|
|
concentration equal inside and outside the cell |
isotonic |
|
"same" |
isotonic |
|
pressure inside the cell |
turgor |
|
in osmosis, the higher the solute concentration, the higher the ________________ |
osmotic pressure |
|
does not require any energy from the cell |
passive transport |
|
substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
passive transport |
|
substances can move in both directions, depending on the concentration gradient |
passive transport |
|
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
diffusion |
|
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the help of membrane proteins |
facilitated diffusion |
|
the diffusion of water |
osmosis |
|
requires energy from the cell |
active transport |
|
substances move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration |
active transport |
|
substances can move in only one direction: against the concentration gradient |
active transport |
|
a membrane protein that moves 3 sodium(Na) out, while moving 2 potassium(K) in |
Sodium/Potassium Pump |
|
the excess collection of extracellular fluids due to high solute concentration |
edema |
|
the loss of extracellular fluids due to various causes |
dehydration |
|
electrolytes make up _____% of all of our solutes |
90 |
|
fluids of the body found outside the cells |
extracellular fluid |
|
fluids of the body found inside the cells (cytoplasm) |
intracellular fluid |
|
the highest solute in extracellular space |
sodium |
|
the highest solute in intracellular space |
potassium |
|
the movement of water from one compartment to the other is determined by _______ |
solute concentration |
|
the average solute concentration of body cells is |
300 mosm |
|
solute concentration of normal saline (NS) or physiological saline (PSS) |
0.9% |
|
solute concentration of D5W |
5% |
|
three structures that play the major role in fluid and electrolyte balance are
|
brain, kidney, adrenal gland
|