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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Franz Ferdinand
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an archduke who is assassinated and is a catalyst for the war.
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Gavrilo Princip
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the man who kills Archduke Ferdinand
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Nationalism
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pride in one’s country
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Self-determination
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the idea that the people of the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideas have the right to form sovereign states
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Ottoman Empire
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one of the central powers that fought against the Allies and Associated Powers, they succumb to nationalism.
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Dreadnoughts
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British super battleships that were uses to maintain naval superiority
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“Place in the sun”
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Germany wants to become powerful, refers to the phrase “the sun never sets”
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Central Powers
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
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Triple Entente
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Britain, France, and Russia
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Schlieffen Plan
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plan to take out Triple Entente 1-by-1
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“Blank check”
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alliance between Serbia and Russia
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Helmuth Von Moltke
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predicted future wars would not end with one battle
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Battle of the Marne
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Germans thrust toward Paris and stop at Marne
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Trench warfare
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trenches ran very long, wars war fought between trenches
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U-boats
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boats that are underwater (submarines)
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“No-man’s land”
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the land between trenches
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Dulce et Decorum Est
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poem written by Wilfred Owen during World War I who later died
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Total war
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created a military front and a home front
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Gallipoli
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a straight where many Allied navy is attacked and forced to beaches where they suffer man casualties
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Battle of Verdun
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Germans try to break deadlock with an assault on the fortress of Verdun, French victory
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Battle of the Somme
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British forces counterattack at the Somme. Neither side gains and advantage
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Zimmermann Telegram
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a communication between Germany and Mexico for alliance if the U.S enters World War I
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Russian Revolution
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Tsar steps down, Russia is no longer a monarchy, power struggle
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Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
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steps into place for control of Russia, is a Marxist
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Bolsheviks
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the radical wing of the Social Democratic Party
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Unrestricted submarine warfare
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Germans often sank neutral merchant ships without first giving a waring as required by international law
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Battle of Belleau Wood
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occurred near Marne river in France during Spring Offensive in World War I
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Meuse-Argonne offensive
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a major battle of the final allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front
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Fourteen Points
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a proposal for a just and enduring post-war peace settlement by Woodrow Wilson
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Big Four
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Wilson (U.S), David Lloyd George (Britain), Clemenceau (France), and Orlando (Italy)
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Versailles Treaty
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denied Germans a navy and air force and limited the size of the German army to 100,000 troops
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Article 231
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referred to as the “War Guilt Case”, introduces Article of Reparation and Treaty of Versailles
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“Lost generation”
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the generation that came of age during World War I
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Karl Barth
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a notable Christian theologian, wrote a book called Epistle to the Romans that spoke against Christian progressiveness and liberalism
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Albert Einstein
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creates theory of special relativity that says space and time are relative to the person measuring them
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Werner Heisenberg
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creates the uncertainty principle that says it is impossible to specify simultaneously the position and velocity of as subatomic particle
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Sigmund Freud
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creates the psychoanalytic theory that provided the keys to understanding all human behavior
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Pablo Picasso
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a painter who was the leading proponent of cubism displayed the influence of African art forms
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Stock Market Crash
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a worldwide economic slowdown that resulted in many losing their life savings
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Economic nationalism
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governments imposed tariff barriers, import quotas, and import prohibitions to achieve a high degree of economic self-sufficiency.
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Grapes of Wrath
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a book written by John Steinbeck that captures the official heartlessness and the rising political anger inspired by the depression
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John Maynard Keynes
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writes a book called The General Theory of Employment that provides an answer to the problem that many wanted to work but could not find jobs.
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New Deal
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President Franklin Roosevelt’s sweeping economic and social reforms
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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The U.S. president that took aggressive steps to inflate the economy and ease the suffering caused by the depression
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War Communism
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a course of nationalization where the Bolshevik government take control or ownership of banks, industry, and other privately held commercial properties
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New Economic Policy
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Lenin implements this which temporarily restored the market economy and some private enterprises in Russia
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Joseph Stalin
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served in the unglamorous bureaucratic position of general secretary and promoted the idea of socialism in one country
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Five-Year Plans
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Stalin replaces Lenin’s NEP program with this ambitious plan for rapid economic development
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Great Purge
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known as “Congress of Victims” where Stalin incites a civil war within the party that was climaxed by highly publicized trials of former Bolshevik elites for treason and by purge of two-thirds the delegates
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Fascism
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proved attractive to all social classes and focused around invoking the primacy of the state while emphasizing on a belligerent form of nationalism and a fear of foreign people
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Benito Mussolini
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he is the guiding force behind Italian fascism, he eventually inaugurated a fascist regime
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Adolf Hitler
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he hates Jews and Marxists, despise liberalism and democracy, and becomes chairman of the party known as the National Socialist German Workers Party
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Nazi Party
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the National Socialism (Nazi movement) that gains power by promising an end to all Germany’s misfortunes and that Hitler’s new order would bring greatness to Germany
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Mein Kampf
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an autobiography by the German National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany
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Anti-semitism
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prejudice against Jews, was a key element in the designs to achieve a new racial order and become the hallmark of National Socialist rule
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Mohandas Gandhi
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steps in to become the leader of India, is one of the most remarkable and charismatic leaders of the twentieth century
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India Act
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gave India the institutions of a self-governing state
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Sun Yatsen
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a leading opponent of the old regime, proclaimed a Chine republic and briefly assumed the office of president
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Mao Zedong
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was a member of the Chine Communist Party, eventually becomes leader of the movement during the Long March
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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becomes leader of China after Sun Yatsen’s death, is known for launching Northern Expedition that is aimed to unify the nation
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Long March
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a march where communists begin on a long journey to northwestern China which inspires many to join the party
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Mukden Incident
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Japanese blow up a few feet of their own rail on the South Manchuria Railway north of Mukden and accuse the Chinese of doing it
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Rape of Nanjing
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the horror of the war as residents of Nanjing became victims of Japanese troops inflamed by war passion and a sense of racial superiority
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Anschluss
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Germany’s forced union with Austria
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Neville Chamberlain
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the prime minister of Britain, attends the Munich Conference and aid that the meeting had achieved “peace for our time”
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Munich Conference
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European politicians formulate a policy that came to be known as the appeasement. The meeting revealed how most nations outside the revisionist sphere had decided to deal with territorial expansion by aggressive nations such as Germany
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Blitzkrieg
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a German term for “lightning war,” blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower
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Dunkirk
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troops are surrounded here, ordinary citizens get their boats and get 380,000 out of 500,000 military troops out of it across to Europe
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Battle of Britain
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Germans launch this battle led by Luftwaffe (German air-force) and hoped to win through air attacks. Britain calls this wat “The Blitz” where bombs are rained on metropolitan areas killing many civilians
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Operation Barbarossa
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Hitler orders his army to invade Russia (Soviet Union)
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Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
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called the three-prong attack. In Leningrad 630,000 starve for 900 days, in Moscow there is the “scorched earth” policy by the soviets, and Stalingrad is the turning point of the war in the East
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Lebensraum
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refers to conceptions and policies of a form of settler colonialism connected with agrarianism that existed in Germany
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Pearl Harbor
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Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor Hawaii to destroy American Naval Capacity killing 2,400, destroying/damaging 18 ships, and destroying/damaging 3,267 aircraft
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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this battle stops Japanese expansion south
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Battle of Midway
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is the turning point in the war, U.S. destroys 4 Japanese carriers
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Battle of Guadalcanal
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in this battle, islands are captured and used to bomb other things around them
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Operation Torch
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is the invasion of North Africa, is a tank war
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Operation Husky
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is the invasion of Sicily, Italy, Italy surrenders and Germans take over, Rome later falls
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Operation Overlord
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is a huge mission ran by Eisenhower which liberates Paris
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Iwo Jima
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U.S. captures this island
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Okinawa
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in this battle, the U.S Is introduced to kamikaze pilots
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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the atomic bomb is used against these cities, the atomic bombs either killed by vaporizing or radiation poisoning, Japan surrenders after this
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Einsatzgruppen
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were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass killings, primarily by shooting, during World War II
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Wannsee Conference
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fifteen leading Nazi bureaucrats gathered to discuss and coordinate the implementation of the final solution
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Final Solution
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entailed the attempted murder of every Jew living in Europe by moving them into camps where they would be worked to death or exterminated
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Yalta Conference
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discussed Europe's post-war reorganization because it was completely destroyed
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Truman Doctrine
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U.S. will give $500 million to Greece and Turkey to rebuild if they resist Communism
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Marshall Plan
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Us will give $13 billion to all countries in Europe if they resist Communism
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NATO & Warsaw Pact
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NATO is the alliance of other countries with the U.S and the Warsaw Pact is the alliance of Russia and their allies
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Containment and Domino Theory
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the U.S needs to contain Communism so it does not spread
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Berlin Blockade
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blocks anyone from entering or exiting Berlin, starves the people inside, the Berlin airlift is used to get supplies inside Berlin
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Berlin Wall
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a barrier that divided east and west Berlin
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Korean War
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North Korea attacks South Korea
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Bay of Pigs
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a failed military invasion of Cuba by the CIA
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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U.S. blockades Cuba, the USSR provides Cuba with Nuclear weapons, since Cuba is close to U.S., if they launch a nuclear weapon, the U.S. won’t be prepared
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Space Race
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the soviets create the ICBM and launch the Sputnik leading to the U.S. following resulting in the creation of NASA and the U.S. landing on the moon
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Nikita Khrushchev
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a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War
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Prague Spring
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a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II
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Détente
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a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began
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Vietnam War
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Resistance War Against America or simply the American War
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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leader of the Soviet Union who arose and helped bring an end to the Cold War
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Perestroika and Glasnost
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Perestroika is a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Glasnost is Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy reform
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