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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
allele
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one of a number of different forms of the same gene for a specific trait
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carrier
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a girl who is heterozygous for a trait; she has the allele in her cells and can pass it on to her kids, but she doesn't display the trait herself
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clone
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large population of genetically identical cells derive from one original cell
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dihybrid cross
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a cross in which two pairs of traits are studied
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diploid
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description of a cell that contains a double set of chromosomes, one from each parent
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dominant
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form of a gene that is expressed even if present with a contrasting recessive allele
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egg
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female gamete
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exon
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expressed DNA
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fertilization
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The penetration of the egg by the sperm and fusion of genetic materials to result in the development of an embryo
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fetus
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unborn young of an animal during the later stages of development; in humans, the name given to embryos after eight weeks of development
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gamete
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specialized reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction
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genetics
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branch of biology that studies heredity
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism
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haploid
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containing a single set of chromosomes
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heredity
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passing of traits from parents to their young
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heterozygous
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organism that has two different alleles for the same trait; hybrid
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homologous chromosomes
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chromosomes that occur in pairs; have a corresponding structure
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homozygous
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organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
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Human Genome Project
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An international research effort begun in the 1980s to map and sequence all the genes found in the human species
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inbreeding
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method of maintaining desirable characteristics by crossing individuals with similar characteristics who are often closely related
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intron
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junk DNA in between segments of expressed DNA (exons)
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karyotype
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A photomicrograph of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standard format showing the number, size, and shape of each chromosome type
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monohybrid cross
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a cross in which one pair of traits is studied
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monosomy
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having a single copy of a chromosome, rather than the usual pair
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nondisjunction
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failure of homologous chromosomes to separate normally during meiosis
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phenotype
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physical characteristics of an organism
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recessive
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description of an allele that is only expressed in the homozygous state
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recombinant DNA
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DNA molecule that forms from the combination of portions of two different DNA molecules
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selective breeding
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method of improving a species by choosing only the most desirable (for a certain trait) organisms and having them produce offspring with the desirable traits
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sexual reproduction
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process in which two cells, normally from different individuals, unite to produce the first cell of a new organism
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somatic cell
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body cell (not sex cell)
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sperm
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male gamete
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trait
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characteristic that a living thing can pass on to its young
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trisomy
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having three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two
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zygote
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fertilized egg cell
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