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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
file
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determine file type
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cal
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displays a calendar and the date of Easter
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cat
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concatenate files and print on the standard output
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cat f - g
Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents. |
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chmod
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change file mode bits
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cp
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copy files and directories
cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST |
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date
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print or set the system date and time
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fold
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wrap each input line to fit in specified width
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man fold | fold -s -w 20
sends man page for fold to width of 20 (-w 20) and break at spaces (-s) |
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head
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output the first part of files
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man head | head -n 5
print first 5 lines |
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ls
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list directory contents
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-a do not ignore entries starting with .
-l use a long listing format |
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make
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GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
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mkdir
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make directories
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more
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file perusal filter for crt viewing
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pg
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browse pagewise through text files
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split
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split a file into pieces
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split -l 10 man_split
Split file man_split into 10 line files xaa xab xac ... |
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wildcards
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* zero or more
? exactly one [abc] exactly one of the letters listed [a-e] a letter in range [!a-e] not a letter in range {debian,linux} one word listed |
can use many
*{test1,test2}? |
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look
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display lines beginning with a given string
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look word file
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diff
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compare files line by line
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can compare directories as well
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apropos
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search the manual page names and descriptions
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ps
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report a snapshot of the current processes.
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ps aux To see every process on the system
ps -e every process a Lift the BSD-style "only yourself" restriction e Select all processes. x Lift the BSD-style "must have a tty" restriction u |
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w
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Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
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wc
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print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
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-c print the byte counts
-m print the character counts -l print the newline counts |
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find
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search for files in a directory hierarchy
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find /home -name *ods
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uname
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print system information
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uname -a
Linux MCD-Mint 3.0.0-12-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 7 14:56:25 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux |
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pstree
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display a tree of processes
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kill
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send a signal to a process
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kill -9 -1 Kill all processes you can kill.
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killall
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kill processes by name
killall sends a signal to all processes |
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service
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service -
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service --status-all
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/etc/init.d
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The directory containing System V init scripts.
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dd
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block by block copy
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tar
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The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
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tar -cf archive.tar foo bar
Create archive.tar from files foo and bar. tar -xf archive.tar Extract all files from archive.tar. |
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dump
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filesystem backup
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restore
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restore files or file systems from backups made with dump
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lp
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send to printer
lp -d Printer_Name |
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lpstat
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print cups status information
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history
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History Library
history | grep ssh |
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!
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!56 repeat #56 from history
!-2 Repeat 2 prior |
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cups
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common unix printing system
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http://localhost:631
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strace
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trace system calls and signals
In the simplest case strace runs the specified command until it exits. |
strace ls
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fuser
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identify processes using files or sockets
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lsof
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list open files
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mount
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mount a filesystem
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mount --bind olddir newdir
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/etc/fstab
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static information about the filesystems
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swapinfo
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report available swap space
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df
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report file system disk space usage
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dw
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estimate file space usage
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vmstat
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Report virtual memory statistics
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iostat
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reports I/O statistics
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sar
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system activity reporter
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fs_usage
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reports system calls and page faults
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uptime
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system uptime and load stats
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xload
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system load gui
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netstat
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Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships
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hostname
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returns the system hostname
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ifconfig
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displays network interface information
ifconfig -a lists all interfaces and their IP information |
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netstat
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Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships
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ssh
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Secure Shell
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ssh user@server
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.ssh
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in users home directory and contains known_hosts file and keys
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httpd
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apache demon
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reads the httpd.conf at boot
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command to find a process
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ps ax | grep http
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command to start a service
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sudo /sbin/service service start
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