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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
name the four functions of the body?
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1. absortion
2. distribution 3. metabolism 4. excretion |
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mineral replacement for dialysis
ferrous sulfate |
Feosol
route: po ind: dialysis, also for Fe deficency dose: hemodialysis: (900 mg) peritoneal dialysis (500-900 mg) >>constipation, black stools iron supp. are usu. given with stool softeners to counteract side effect of constipation |
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blood former
epoetinaefa (erythropoietin) |
Epogen, Procrit
route: SC or IV ind: dialysis dose: for dialysis patients 75 units/kg 3x weekly >>HTN, HA, nausea, emesis must be kept refrigerated |
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name drug action of thiazide and thiazide-like agents?
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the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication.
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name common side effects of thiazide and thiazide-like agents
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frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia
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thiazide or thiazide-like agents
indapamide |
Lozol
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions route: po dose 2.5 mg qd action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication. >> HA, dizzy, upset stomach,frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia Tk c food or milk do not crush tablet |
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thiazide or thiazide-like agent
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
Esidrix
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions route: po dose: 25-100 mg qd or intermittently action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication. >>GI upset and photosensitivity, frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia Tk c food or milk |
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thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics
chlorothiazide |
Diuril
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions route: po, IV dose: .5 to 1 g qd or bid action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication. >>photosensitivity, frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia Tk c food or milk |
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thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics
metolazone |
Zaroxyln
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions route: po dose: 5-20 mg qd action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication. >>photosensitivity,frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia Tk c food or milk |
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name drug action of loop diuretics?
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loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle.
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name side effects of loop diuretics?
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a great deal of K is loss during treatment on loop diuretics, therefore a K supp. is usually prescribed
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loop diuretic
bumetidine |
Bumex
ind: edema caused by CHF and/or HTN route: po dose: .5 to 2 mg qd to bid action: loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle. >>GI upset, dizziness ligheadedness a great deal of K is loss during treatment on loop diuretics, therefore a K supp. is usually prescribed Tk c food or milk |
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loop diuretic
torsemide |
Demadex
ind: edema caused by CHF and/or HTN route: po, IV dose: 10-20 mg qd action: loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle. >>dizzy, ligheadedness, photosensitivity a great deal of K is loss during treatment on loop diuretics, therefore a K supp. is usually prescribed does not need to be taken with food or milk |
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loop diuretic
furosemide |
Lasix
ind: edema caused by CHF and/or HTN route: po, IV dose: 20-80 mg daily action: loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle. >>GI upset Tk c food or milk |
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name drug action of potassium-sparing agents?
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The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss.
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what cautions should people on K-sparing diuretics take?
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people on K-sparing diuretics shold avoid large quantities of K-rich food
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K-sparing diuretic
amiloride |
Midamore
ind: edema caused by CHF and HTN route: po dose: 5 mg qd action: The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss. >>GI upset, dizziness, HA, visual disturbances Tk c food |
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K-sparing diuretic
spironolactone |
Aldactone
ind: edema caused by CHF and HTN route: po action: The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss. dose: for edema: 25-200 mg qd >>drowziness, mental confusion, dizzy |
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K-sparing diuretic
triamterene |
Dyrenium
ind: edema caused by CHF and HTN route: po dose: 100 mg bid pc action: The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss. >>GI upset, HA tk pc |
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name drug action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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these drugs inhibit carbonic anhydrase they inhibit H ion secretion by the renal tubule causing an increase in urination of Na, KHCO3, and H20
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name side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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possible GI upset, photosensitivity and drowsiness
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
acetazolamide |
Diamox
route: po, IV, IM dose: 250-375 mg qd action: these drugs inhibit carbonic anhydrase they inhibit H ion secretion by the renal tubule causing an increase in urination of Na, KHCO3, and H20 Tk c meals >>possible GI upset, photosensitivity and drowsiness |
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name drug action of osmotics
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osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
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name types of incontinence
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stress
urge reflex functional overflow |
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describe stress incontinence
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stress incontinence is due to relaxed pelvic muscles because of lower estrogen levels, or mutiple pregnancies
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describe urge incontinence
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urge incontinence is due to CNS disorders sucha s Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease tumors, and bladder disorders.
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describle reflex incontinence
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reflex incontinence is due to CNS disorder
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describe functional incontinence?
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functional incontinence is due to age: older adults lose mobility or balance
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describe overflow incontinence
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overflow incontinence is due to Hyper plasia, bladder neck obstruction following surgery
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conditions affecting the urinary system
anuria |
lack of urine: <100mL/24h
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cystitis
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inflammation of the bladder
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edema
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increase in fluid in cells, tissues, and/or cavities
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hyperkalemia
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excessive increase of K in the blood
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hypokalemia
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excessive decrease of K in the blood
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incontinence
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lack of control of urination or feces
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Oliguria
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little urine output: >100mL/24h but <400mL/24h
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Polyuria
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Excessive or large volume of urine within a certain time
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Pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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uremia
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excess urea in the blood
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urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra
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urolithiasis
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kidney stomes name of calcium or salts
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Osmotic
mannitol |
Osmitrol
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. Ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced. also used for IOP in glaucoma. route: inj strength: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% dose: 20-200 g given over 24h |
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Osmotic
Urea |
Ureaphil
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced. route: inj strength: 40g/150mL dose: 30% sol. by slow IV infusion not to exceed 4mL/min |
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osmotic
glycerin |
Osmoglyn
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced. route: po sol. strength: 50% dose: 1-2g/kg, 1 to 1.5 h before surgery |
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Osmotic
Isosorbide |
Ismotic
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced. route: po sol. strength: 45% dose: 1-3g/kg bid to qid prn |