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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bicarbonate
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An electrolyte and blood buffer whose level in the body is rehulated by excretion by the kidney.
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Chloride
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An electrolyte, a small biologically important molecule, regulated by excretion by the kidney.
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Electrolytes
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Chemical compound that separates into charged particles, or ionizes, in a solution.
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Genitourinary System
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Refers to the organs of the urinary system and the female or male sexual organs.
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Homeostasis
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Steady state or state of balance within the body. The kidneys assist in maintaining this regulatory, steady state.
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Kidneys
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Located in the lumbar region of the back behind the parietal peritoneum. Under the muscles of the back, just a little above the waist. Have a concave or depressed area that gives them a bean-shaped appearance.
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Nephrons
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The functional or working unit of the kidney that filters the blood and produces the urine.
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pH
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A number between 1 and 14 that indicates how acidic or basic a substance is. 1 is very acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 is very basic.
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Potassium
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An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones and muscles.
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Sodium
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An inorganic substance found in plasma.
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Uremia
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An excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood.
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Ureters
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Organs in the urinary system that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder.
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Urethra
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The tube that leads from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In the male it is also used by the reproductive system to release semen.
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Urinary Bladder
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Organ in the urinary system that stores urine.
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Urinary Meatus
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The external opening of the urethra.
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Urine
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The fluid that remains in the urinary system following the three stages of production: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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Waste Products
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Substances no longer needed by the body that are removed by the kidney during urine formation.
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Calyx
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A duct that connects the renal papilla to the renal pelvis. Urine flows from the collecting tubule through this into the renal pelvis.
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Cortex
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The outer layer of an organ. In the endocrine system, it refers to the outer layer of the adrenal glands.
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Hilum
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Center of the concave side of the kidney which is an important landmark on the kidney. It is the site where the renal artery enters, the renal vein leaves, the ureter leaves, and nerves enter and leave the kidney.
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Medulla
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The central area of an organ. In the endocrine system it refers to the adrenal medulla.
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Peritoneum
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Membranous sac that lines the abdominal cavity and encases the abdominopelvic organs. The kidneys are an exception since they lay outside this and alongside the vertebral column.
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Renal Artery
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Artery that originates from the abdominal aorta and carries blood to the nephrons of the kidney.
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Renal Papilla
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Tip of a renal pyramid.
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Renal Pelvis
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Large collecting site for urine within the kidney. Collects urine from each calyx. Urine leaves this via the ureter.
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Renal Pyramids
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Triangular-shaped region of the renal medulla.
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Renal Vein
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Vein that carries blood away from the kidneys.
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Retroperitoneal
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Pertaining to behind the peritoneum. Used to describe the position of the kidneys, which is outside of the peritoneal sac alongside the spine.
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Afferent Arteriole
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Arteriole that carries blood into the glomerulus.
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Bowman's Capsule
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Also called the glomerular capsule; is a double-walled cup-like structure that encircles the glomerulus. In the filtration stage of urine production, waste products filtered from the blood enter this as glomerular filtrate.
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Collecting Tubule
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A portion of the renal tubule.
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Distal Convoluted Tubule
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Another portion of the renal tubule.
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Efferent Arteriole
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Arteriole that carries blood away from the glomerulus.
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