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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Glomeruls
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Formed from capillary network of afferent arterioles.
Blood filtered into Bowman's capsules |
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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Secetion of H+ into filtrate
Reabsorption of most of electrolytes Reabsorption of Ca++ under parathormone influence |
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Descending loop of Henle
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Reabsorption of water without ADH.
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Ascending loop of Henle
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Active reabsorption of Cl- and passive reabsorption of Na+
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Distal convoluted
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Reabsorption of Na+ in exchange of K+
Reabsorption of bicarbonate Reabsorption of Ca++ under parathormone influence Reabsorption of water under ADH influence |
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Gloerular Filtration Rate
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Is primarily dependent on adequate blood flow and adequate hydro static pressure
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The primary function of the kidney ______?
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is to regulate the volume and composition of extracellular fluid
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Water
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is the primary substance reabsorbed in the collecting duct
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Atrial natiuretic factor (ANF)
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is secreted by the right atrium when atrial blood pressure is low, and it blocks the action of high ADH
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Increased premeability in the glomerulus _____?
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causes loss of proteins into the urine.
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A patient with an obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibits hypertension. One factor that may contribute to the hypertension is _____?
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increased renin release
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A clinical situation in which the increased renal of erythorpoietin would be expected is _____?
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hypoxemia
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The sites where urinary stones are most likely to obstruct the urinary system are at the _____?
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ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction
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The ureteral muscle fiber attachments into the bladder help prevent _____?
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back flow of urine through the ureterovesical junction
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The volume of urine in the bladder that usually causes the urge to urinate is _____?
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200 to 250 ml
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Total bladder capacity ranges from _______?
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600 ml to 1000 ml
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Absorption or leakage of urine wastes out of the urinary system is prevented by ______?
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the cellular characteristics of the urothelium
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One factor that contributes to an increased incidence of urinary tract infection in women is _____?
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the shorter length of the urethra
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An age related change in the kidney that leads to nocturia in an older adult is ______?
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decreased ability to concentrate urine.
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During physical assesment of the urinary system, the nurse _____?
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percusses the kidney with a firm blow the posterior costovertebral angle.
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Nocturia
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frequent urination at night
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dysuria
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painful urination
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Retention
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inability to void
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Polyuria
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large amount of urine output
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Enuresis
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Incontinence during sleep
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Hematuria
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blood in the urine
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Oliguria
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scanty urine output
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Urgency
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strong desire to urinate
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Anuria
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No urine formation
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Hesistancy
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difficulty starting urine stream
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Pneumaturia
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urine containing gas
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Stress incontinence
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can be caused by sneezing
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A urinalysis of urine specimen that is not processed within 1 hour may result in erroneous measurement of _____?
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bacteria
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Urinalysis results that most likely indicate a urinary tract infection include ______?
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cloudy, yellow, WBC 50/hpf; pH 8.2; numerous casts
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A patient who is being treated with diurectics for retained fluid would be expected to have urine specific gravity of _____?
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1.002
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Following a renal arteriogram, it is important that the nurse _____?
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assess peripheral pulses in the involved leg every 30 to 60 minutes.
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A patient with an elevated BUN _____?
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may have nonrenal tissue destruction.
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The test that is most specific for renal function is the ______?
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creatinine clearance
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Following a renal biopsy, it is important that the nurse ______?
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test urine for microscopic bleeding with a dipstick.
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Urinalysis
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first morning speciemen is best
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Creatinine clearance
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discard first specimen at start; include voided specimen 24 hrs later
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Clean catch urine specimen
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clean meatus before voiding
Have patient void, stop, void in container. Use sterile container. |
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Residual urine
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insert catheter immediately after voiding
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Protein determination
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use dipstick and read results with color chart
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Cystoscopy
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ensure informed consent obtained
Explain postprocedure pink urine normal. |
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Intravenous pyelogram
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keep patient NPO 8hr before test
asses for iodine sensitivity. |
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Cystometrogram
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explain that bladder will be filled with water to measure tone and atability
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Urinary flow study
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Must start test with full bladder
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