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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why did the Massachusetts Bay Colony start?
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Puritans were persecuted in England because they wanted to reform the church.
1,5000 Puritans move between 1630 and 1642 in the Great Migration |
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Who was John Winthrop?
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Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Stated "we shall build a city upon a hill" wanted Boston to be a religious experiment. |
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Why was the Massachusetts Bay Colony successful?
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Leadership (John Winthrop)
work ethic economy based on ship building, trading, and farming. democratic government (town meetings) |
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How did Spain and Britain differ in financing exploration?
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Spain: public funds (taxes)
created better navigation. Britain: private funds (joint stock companies) created better colonization. |
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How did England obtain naval dominance?
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Seadogs Sir Francis Drake and John Hawkins were attacked in England by the Spanish Armada. England wins due to lighter ships and a hurricane. This victory leads to dominance.
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Who were the two most important people of Jamestown and why?
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Captain John Smith: captained founding ship and helped maintain leadership within the colony.
John Rolfe: saved economy by introducing tobacco, cash cropping tobacco leads to plantation system, marries Pocahontas. |
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Why is the House of Burgess important?
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1st form of self-representative government
gave James I reason to revoke charter. |
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What are some key facts about the Maryland colony?
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Was a restoration colony meant to be a safe haven for catholics.
founded by Sir George Calvert. *Maryland Act of Tolerance* all Christians are protected those who did not believe in Jesus were given death penalty. |
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What was the headright system?
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Wealthy plantation owners paid passage for servants in exchange for 2 years service. The owner received 50 acres of land for each "head".
servant received +/- 5 acres at end of service. helped stimulate the tobacco plantation economy. |
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What was Bacon's Rebellion?
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Former indentured servants were not given lad promised to them so they had to push west into indian territory.
Daniel Bacon organizes a rebellion against Berkeley in Jamestown. Berkeley is exiled for 1 year until Bacon's death. |
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What were some impacts of Bacon's rebellion?
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Spurred slave trade:
-slaves were easier to control than rebellious indentured servants. -tribal wars surrounded the capture of slaves for trade. Instills racism: -American dream is to own slaves -creates necessity of slavery. |
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What did Roger Williams believe in?
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-The individual was just as important as faith.
-Separation of church and state. fair compensation for Indian lands. |
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What was the Halfway Covenant?
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Allowed partial membership of the church with conditions.
-could join it baptized at birth and unconverted. -a child could become a full member if their parents were partial members. -one did not have to convert to Calvinism. *did not solve the problem of declining faith* |
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What were the Salem Witch Trials?
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*caused by political and military turmoil*
accusations against: -wealthy women unmarried women or widows women who couldn't give birth outspoken women skewed and nonsensical tests. |
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What is important about Thomas Hooker?
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He created the first modern constitution. "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut."
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What are some key facts about the Georgia colony?
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-founded by Jame Oglethorp
-meant to be a haven for debtors. -created as military buffer between colonies and Spanish Florida. |
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Explain colonial slavery and the Middle Passage.
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Middle Passage:
-boat trip from Africa to Charleston, SC. -65% of slaves died before reaching America. shippers did not make conditions good because slaves were cheap. -they could make more money if they made more trips. |
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What are the key differences between pilgrims and puritans?
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Pilgrims: separatists founded in Plymouth.
Puritans: reformists founded in Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
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Explain how Pilgrims came to be a colony.
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Moved out of England into Holland (by John Robinson).
-disliked "dutchification" of children. -Virginia Company payed passage. They were supposed to be indentured servants in Jamestown. They forced the ship to land at Plymouth just outside of colonial boundaries. -created Mayflower Compact. |
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What were some hardships of the Pilgrims?
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Plymouth had a harsher climate
-rocky soil was not fertile. Squanto helped to save them -spoke English and made alliance with Indians. -taught then to grow corn -showed them where to fish. |
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Why did the Puritan faith decline?
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Colonists began to question the Calvin Doctrine.
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What did Anne Hutchinson believe in?
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-if predestination was true then there was no reason to abide by strict rules.
-the individual was as important as faith. -salvation could come directly from God. |
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Why was Anne Hutchinson banished to Rhode Island?
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-sedition
-contempt of authority -challenged gender roles (heresy) |
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How did France, Spain and England treat Native Americans differently?
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France - wanted to be trading partners
Spain - convert to Catholicism/make slaves. England - destroy and kill |
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what lead to the success of the Pilgrims?
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-leadership of William Bradford
-religion controlled everything -economy was based on fur trade, lumber and fishing. |