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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proclamation of 1763
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British prohibit American colonists from settling west of the Appalachians to avoid conflicts with Native Americans
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French and Indian War
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British defeat French but British are left with war debt. British need money so they tax Colonists
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Sugar Act 1764
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Meant to tax imports and end smuggling
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Stamp Act 1765
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A tax on printed documents (wills, newspapers, playing cards). First tax to affect colonists directly. Repealed in 1766 after Colonists boycott British goods.
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Townshend Act 1767
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Tax on British imports (lead, glass, paint, paper and tea). Colonists again boycott British goods. Repealed in 1770 except for tax on tea.
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Boston Massacre 1770
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British guards fire on colonial mob killing 5 colonists
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Tea Act 1773
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Meant to save the bankrupt British East India Company. The company could sell tea tax-free, Colonial tea was taxed. Put Colonial tea merchants out of the tea trade.
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Boston Tea Party 1773
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Disguised Boston rebels dump 18,000 pounds of East India Company tea into Boston Harbor. Causes King George III and British Parliament to be angry.
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Intolerable Acts 1774
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Passed by British Parliament. Closed Boston Harbor, allowed British soldiers to live in vacant private homes, place Boston under martial law.
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First Continental Congress 1774
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Direct result of Intolerable Acts. 56 Colonial delegates meet in Philadelphia and declare colonial rights. If British use force then Colonists will use force.
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Fighting at Lexington and Concord (Massachusetts) 1775
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700 British soldiers march to Concord to disarm Minutemen. At Lexington, Redcoats fight 70 Minutemen (8 killed). British ambushed in Concord after finding arsenal empty. Colonists win!
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Second Continental Congress 1775
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May 1775 in Philadelphia, Colonial militia renamed Continental Army. George Washington named commander of Continental Army.
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Battle of Bunker Hill 1775 (June 17, 1775)
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First large scale battle of American revolution. Colonists lose 450 men, British lose over 1,000.British loss blamed on questionable tactics and overconfidence.
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Olive Branch Petition 1775
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Sent by Second Continental Congress to King George III urging a return to "former harmony" between British and Colonists. King George III rejects it.
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John Locke (Enlightenment thinker who inspired colonists)
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People have natural right to life, liberty, property. Government should protect these rights. People can resist and overthrow Government if it violates these rights
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Thomas Paine
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Wrote 50 page pamphlet: Common Sense in January 1776. Pamphlet attacked King George III and urged American Independence.
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Declaration of Independence (adopted July 4, 1776)
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Prepared by Thomas Jefferson (inspired by Locke). Stated "all men are created equal" and that British had taken away their right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
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Loyalists
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Colonists who supported British. Many thought British would win war and wanted to avoid punishment as rebels. Others thought British would protect their rights better than new colonial government.
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Patriots
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Colonists in favor of independence from British.
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Early Victories and Defeats
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British take New York City in 1776, George Washington retreats to Philadelphia. Americans take Trenton, New Jersey but British take Philadelphia 1777.
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Saratoga
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Patriot victory in October, 1777 convinces French to aid the Continental Army. One of the most important events of the war.
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Valley Forge
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Winter camp where 2,000 soldiers die but survivors don't desert and receive further military training.
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Inflation
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Continental Congress allows more and more paper money to be printed, its value drops causing prices to rise.
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Women during the war
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Many women manage farms and businesses, households and families. Some fight in the war.
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Slaves during the war
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Thousands of slaves escaped to freedom during the war. 5,000 join the Continental Army.
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Marquis de Lafayette
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French military leader who convinced French to send reinforcements to the Colonial Army in 1779. Led a command in Virginia in last years of the war.
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Charles Cornwallis
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British general with many southern victories. Camps at Yorktown and plans to take Virginia (1781)
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Yorktown
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Cornwallis and his army are surrounded at Yorktown by American and French troops. Cornwallis surrenders October 1781. The Americans win the war!
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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Establishes colonial independence and sets boundaries of the new nation.
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War becomes a Symbol of Liberty
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Stimulates "egalitarianism", the belief in the equality of all people. Egalitarianism of 1780's applied only to white males, women have few rights, African Americans face slavery or discrimination, Native Americans continue to be pushed off their lands by settlers.
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