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55 Cards in this Set
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Charles Finney
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Who : minister of gospel, protestant revivalism
When: August 29, 1792 – August 16, 1875 Where: Connecticut, New York Why: Finney was a very influential figure during the great awakening. His style of preaching which focused on the conversion rather than instruction and discipline facilitated the Great Awakening. He managed to converting even the rich and poor. Helped hold society together through moral discipline |
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Second Great Awakening
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What: second great religious revival that consisted of personal salvation in revival meetings
When:1790–1840s, first half of 19th century Where: Throughout the United States in churches and camp meetings Why: Preaching of spiritual equality brought religious revivalism and the expansion of Protestant Christianity. It changed the way religion was practiced throughout America, led to the creation of many more churches and unified many groups of people. |
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Who: American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. He was an antislavery, woman's right and abolition of prisons advocate.
When:December 12, 1805 – May 24, 1879 Why: He is known for the radical abolitionist paper the Liberator and is responsible for establishing American Antislavery society. Started the abolitionist movement. Where: Boston, Massechusets |
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Sarah Hale
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Who:American writer
When:October 24, 1788 - April 30, 1879 Where:Newport, New Hampshire Why: Known for witting Mary had a little Lamb and worked at Ladies Magazine and Godey's Ladys book which were responsible for setting the current trends and promoting women rights. |
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Domesticity
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What: prevailing view about upper and middle class women that they were supposed to present the epidemy of virtue.
When:nineteenth century Where: United States and Great Britain Why: It shaped womens roles and place in society, identified women as more religious which ment women had more religious influence. It also defined woman's role as a housewife making the home as woman's domain. |
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Frederick Douglas
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Who:American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer
When:1872, Why: Douglass became the very first African-American nominated as a Vice Presidential candidate in the U.S. He was inspired by Garrisons The Liberator and gave various speeches concerning the issue of slavery. He worked on promoting the end of slavery Where: United States during the abolitionist movement. |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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What: a bill intended to create two new territories from the Louisiana purchase, Kansas and Nebraska in order to build the transcontinental railroad.
When:1854 Where: The unorganized territory of the Louisiana purchase. Why:created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. It destroyed the whig party and democratic party.It strengthened the opposition to slavery in the North, divided the Democratic Party on sectional lines, encouraged secessionist elements among Southern supporters of slavery to make even bolder demands, and strengthened the Republican Party. |
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Dred Scott vs. Sandford
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What: A case of an enslaved African American who lived in a free state and claimed that it made him free.
When: 1857 Where: Illinois Why: It raised the controversial issue or authority to regulate slavery in the territories. Justice Taney argued that Scott was not a citizen and since he was property the court could not take him away from his owner. This made the Northwest Ordinance and Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.It strengthened the opposition to slavery in the North, divided the Democratic Party on sectional lines, encouraged secessionist elements among Southern supporters of slavery to make even bolder demands, and strengthened the Republican Party |
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Sarah and Angelina Grimke
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What:two early female abolitionists and woman's rights activists
When: Late 17 and early 18 hundreds Where: throughout the United States Why: the sisters were responsible for facilitating the abolitionist movement by teaching the public of the horrors of enslaved women. they were among the first women to publicly speak out against slavery. |
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Manifest Destiny
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What:belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean
When: 19th century Where:all North America: Canada, Mexico, Cuba and Central America Why: Manifest destiny had a huge influence in American ideology. This belief led to the expansion into Oregon Territory, conquering of the Native Americans. |
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John O'Sullivan
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Who: an American columnist and editor who used the term "Manifest Destiny" in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Country to the United States.
When: 1845 Where: United States Why: his phrase manifest destiny sparked U.S obsession with conquering new territory and expanding its empire. It lead to the expansion into Oregon Territory and complete disregard for the rights of Native Americans |
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South Carolina
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What:borders Georgia to the south and North Carolina to the north
When:April 12, 1861 Where: South Carolina, Usa Why:South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union and was a founding state of the Confederate States of America,saw the first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort sumpter,was a source of troops for the Confederate army. South Carolina succession persuaded other states to join the confederacy. |
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Battle of Shiloh
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What: major battle of the American Civil War
When:April 6 and April 7, 1862 Where: southwestern Tennessee Why:Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack against the Union Army of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and came very close to defeating his army. The Confederate army suffered a defeat and all realized that the war would not be coming to a close. There were high casualties and the loos of the Confederate leader Johnson |
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Battle of Gettysburg
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What:was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War
When:July 1–3, 1863) Where;Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Why: It was the war with the largest number of casualties and is considered the turning point. It was the first major defeat suffered by Lee. It crippled the Souths morale and ended the support for the confederacy by other powers. It lead to the capture of Vicksburg which gave the control of the Mississippi River and gave an advantage to North. |
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The Atlanta Campaign
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What: a series of battles fought in the Western Theater throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta, Georgia
When: summer of 1864, Where: Atlanta, Georgia Why; The battles led to the eventually fall of Atlanta and end to the Civil War, the conquer of Atlanta was a necessary step for the Union Victory |
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Abraham Lincoln
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Who:sixteenth President of the United States
When:February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 Where: Kentucky, Massachusetts Illinois , Washington, Why: Contributed to preserving the union and ending slavery, issued Emancipation proclamation, Passing the 13th Amendment. First republican president. |
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10% Plan
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What: model for reinstatement of Southern states.It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of voters (as counted in the presidential election of 1860) had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation. The next step in the process would be for the states to formally elect a state government. Also, a state legislature could write a new constitution, but it had to abolish slavery forever
When:December 1863, Where: throughout the southern states Why: Led to the creation of the Wade-Davis bill, lots of disagreements about the reconstruction plan, the establishment of the freedman's Bureau and the eventual assassination of Lincoln. |
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Sharecropping
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What: is a system of agriculture or agricultural production in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land
When: 19th century Where: Africa, United States Why: joined laborers and owners on equal sharing of risk, both were too dependent on each other |
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Nathan Bedford Forrest
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Who:was a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, established the Klu Klux Klan,
When:(July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877) Where: Tennessee Why: The Klu Klux clan is responsible for the death and torture of many African Americans. |
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Colfax Massacre
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What: whites armed with rifles and a small cannon overpowered freedmen and state militia (also black) trying to control the parish courthouse.
When:April 13, 1873 Where:Colfax, Louisiana Why;attack was the most violent example of turmoil following the disputed contest in 1872 between Republicans and Democrats for the Louisiana Governor's office.n this 1876 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that protections of the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to the actions of individuals, but only to the actions of state governments.the Federal government could no longer use the Enforcement Act of 1870 to prosecute actions by paramilitary groups such as rifle clubs or the White League |
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13th Amendment
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What:officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery, and with limited exceptions, such as those convicted of a crime, prohibits involuntary servitude
When:December 6, 1865. Where: United States Constitution Why: Slavery remained legal only in Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and New Jersey Guaranteed permanent abolition of Slavery |
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14th amendment
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What: Amendment intended to secure the rights of former slaves
When:proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 9, 1868 Where:United States Constitution Why:The amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship, overruling Dred Scott v. Sandford which had excluded slaves and their descendants from possessing Constitutional rights |
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15th Amendment
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What:prohibits each government in the United States to prevent a citizen from voting based on that citizen's race,[1] color, or previous condition of servitude
When:ratified on February 3, 1870. Where: United States Constitution Why: Protected the voting rights of people giving a chance for African Americans to have a voice. |
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Jerry Falwell
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Who:an American evangelical Christian pastor, televangelist, and a controversial conservative commentator
When:1979 Where:Lynchburg, Virginia, Why:He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Liberty University in 1971 and co-founded the Moral Majority in 1979. |
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Reaganomics
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What:refers to the economic policies promoted by United States President Ronald Reagan
Where: When:around 1945 Why: The programs reduced inflation rates and put 10 million Americans back to work. Regan introduced a new approach to economic policy. However the tax cuts widened the Gap between the ritch an the poor. His massive spending on defense also led to lack of spending in other programs creating many social issues |
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Widening the Gap
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What: The differences between the rich and the poor.
Where: United States When: around mid 20th century Why: Reagans economic policies created a huge gap between the rich and the poor. 1 percent of the population possesed most of the wealth while the poor had limited support due to Regans focus on military defense as opposed to social domestic issues. |
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The Homestead Act
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What:gave an applicant freehold title to 160 acresof undeveloped land outside of the original 13 colonies.
When:1862 Where: undeveloped land outside of the United States Why: Led to massive migrations and said to have contributed to the dust bowl. It won the allegiance of many Northerners to the Republican party and bolstered the unions ability to fight the war. |
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Wounded Knee Massacre
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What:last major armed conflict between the Oglala Lakota and the United States
When:December 29, 1890 Where: Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota Why:massacre at Wounded Knee effectively squelched the Ghost Dance movement and ended the Indian Wars |
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Soddy
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Who:was a corollary to the log cabin during frontier settlement of the United States and Canada
When: early 20th century Where: Nebraska, Great Plains Why:Sod houses were an easy way to settle in the great plains and resulted in massive migrations |
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Buffalo Bills Wild West Show
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What: one of the first rodeos in America
When:1882 Where: Columbus Nebraska Why:one of the first rodeos in America and sparked a fascination with the wild west |
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Queen Lili'uokalami
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Who: Queen of Hawai
When:September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917 Where: Honolulu Why:was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.Liliʻuokalani helped preserve key elements of Hawaii's traditional poetics while mixing in Western harmonies brought by the misionaries. |
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Bayonet Constitution
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What:Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii
When:1887 Where: Hawaii Why:stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, disenfranchising most of the native population and initiating a transfer of power to American, European and native Hawaiian elites |
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The Knights of Labor
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What:labor organizations of the 19th century
When: founded 1869 lasted through 19th century Where:Philadelphia Why:demanded an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories. |
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Margaret Sanger
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Who:an American birth control activist, an advocate of negative eugenics, and the founder of the American Birth Control League
When:September 14, 1879 – September 6, 1966) Where:Tucson, Arizona Why:founder of the American Birth Control League (which eventually became Planned Parenthood). Had tremendous influence in the lives of women giving an opportunity to choose weather to have children |
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Prohibition
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What:sumptuary law which prohibits alcohol
When:1920 to 1933 Where: United States Why: Led to the passing of 18th amendments and eventually the ratification of the 21 amendment. Led to organized crime |
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The Dust Bowl
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What:period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936
When: 1930's Where:American and Canadian prairie lands Why: Caused massive migration to other states, led to the writing of the grapes of wrath, caused houses to be torn down and left thousands of people homeless |
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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Who:the thirty-second President of the United States
When:1933 to 1945 Where:Hyde Park, New York Why: Passed the new Deal which had significant economic impact.programs he initiated such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) continue to have instrumental roles in the nation's commerce. One of his most important legacies is the Social Security system,played a critical role in shaping the post-war world, particularly through the Yalta Conference and the creation of the United Nations, redefined American liberalism and realigned the Democratic Party based on his New Deal coalition of labor unions; farmers; ethnic, religious and racial minorities; intellectuals;[3] the South; big city machines; and the poor and workers on relief |
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Rosie the Riveter
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What:she appeared in were used by the U.S. government to encourage women to go to work in support of the war effort.
When:1920's-40's Where: United States after wwII Why:is a cultural icon of the United States, representing the six million women who entered the workforce for the first time during World War II,increased the number of working American women to 20 million by 1944,knew that working in the factories was in fact a possibility for women |
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The Manhattan Project
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What:the project to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) during World War II by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada
When:1941–1946 Where:United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada Why:It resulted in the creation of multiple production and research sites that operated in secret,led to the development of the atomic bomb, responsible for creating first nuclear weapons |
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Social Security Act
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What:The Social Security Act was drafted by President Roosevelt's committee on economic security, under Edwin Witte, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age, poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children
When:1935 Where: United States Why:he U.S. Social Security program is the largest government program in the world and the single greatest expenditure in the federal budget, made America a welfare state, still debated over today |
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Executive Order 9066
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What:presidential executive order issued during World War II by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt using his authority as Commander-in-Chief to exercise war powers to send ethnic groups to internment camps.
When: February 19, 1942 Where: United States,one-third of the land area of the U.S. (mostly in the West) Why: led to thousands of Japanese and Japanese Americans being placed in interment camps, violation of civil rights and considered one of the greatest miscarriages of justice in American history |
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Double V Campaign
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What:achieve two victories: over the Axis powers in World War II and over racial prejudice in the United States.
When:1942 Where:letter to the Pittsburgh Courier, Why:James G. Thompson's double V slogan became an ideology adopted by many African Americans and united the country over a single goal of promoting racial equality and winning the war |
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Joseph McCarthy
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Who:was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator
When:November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957 Where:Wisconsin Why:became the most visible public face of a period of intense anti-communist suspicion inspired by the tensions of the Cold War, he inspired the wave of fear around communism further exploiting it to gain fame |
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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Who:African American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the American civil rights movement
When:January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968 Where:Atlanta, Georgia, United States Why:secure progress on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today,led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957,led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. There, he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history,youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize |
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Montogomery Bus Boycott
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What:a political and social protest campaign intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system
When:1955 Where:Montgomery, Alabama Why:led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses unconstitutional. Arrest of Rosa Parks angered the balck community and spurred them to challenge the court system, making it a significant event which further pushed the civil rights movement. |
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Brown v. Board of Education
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What:In 1951, a class action suit was filed against the Board of Education of the City of Topeka, Kansas in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas. The plaintiffs were thirteen Topeka parents on behalf of their twenty children,The suit called for the school district to reverse its policy of racial segregation. Separate elementary schools were operated by the Topeka Board of Education under an 1879 Kansas law, which permitted (but did not require) districts to maintain separate elementary school facilities for black and white students in twelve communities with populations over 15,000
When:1954 Where:Topeka, Kansas Why:was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court, which overturned earlier rulings going back to Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, by declaring that state laws that established separate public schools for black and white students denied black children equal educational opportunities,de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This victory paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement |
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James Meredith
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What:Jewish Revolutionary War Poet figure
When:June 25, 1933) Where:Kosciusko, Mississippi Why:He was the first African-American student at the University of Mississippi, an event that was a flash point in the American civil rights movement,sparked riots on the Oxford campus, which required federal troops and U.S. Marshals, who were sent by President John F. Kennedy. The riots led to a violent clash which left two people dead, including French journalist Paul Guihard,[3] 48 soldiers injured and 30 U.S. Marshals with gun wounds |
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Students for a Democratic Society
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What:a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main iconic representations of the country's New Left,left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that, unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism, instead adopted a broader definition of political activism commonly called social activism
When:mid-1960s - 1969. Where: throughout United States Why:SDS was the organizational high point for student radicalism in the United States and has been an important influence on student organizing in the decades |
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Robert McNamara
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What:an American business executive and the former 8th United States Secretary of Defense.
When:June 9, 1916 Where:Oakland, California Why:served as Defense Secretary from 1961 to 1968, during the Vietnam War. After holding that position he served as President of the World Bank from 1968 until 1981. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis,McNamara's institution of systems analysis as a basis for making key decisions on force requirements, weapon systems, and other matters occasioned much debate |
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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What:was addressed by Lyndon B. Johnson as a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident
When:August 10, 1964 Where:Vietnam, Gulf of Tonkin Why:it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. |
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The Tet offensive
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What:a military campaign conducted by forces of the Viet Cong, or National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, and the North Vietnamese army, or People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, and their allies during the Vietnam War
When: between 30 January and 23 September 1968, Where: Vietnam Why:Although the offensive was a military disaster for Vietcong forces, it had a profound effect on the American administration and shocked the American public, which had been led to believe by its political and military leaders that the communists were, due to previous defeats, incapable of launching such a massive effort,The United States was discovering that traditional warfare tactics did not necessarily work well in the jungle against the guerilla warfare tactics they were facing. |
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Jan Scruggs
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What:best known for being the founder of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
When:November 1982Washington, D.C Where: Why:Scruggs came up with the idea of a memorial to honor the veterans of the Vietnam War, and began to raise funds after the United States Congress did not take action |
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Delano Grape Strike
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What:Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, mostly Filipino farm workers in Delano, California, walked off the farms of area table-grape growers, demanding wages equal to the federal minimum wage. One week after the strike began, the predominantly Mexican-American National Farmworkers Association, led by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, joined the strike, and eventually the two groups merged, forming the United Farm Workers of America
When:September 8, 1965 Where:Delano, California, Why:utilizing consumer boycotts, marches, community organizing and nonviolent resistance—the movement gained national attention for the plight of some of the nation's lowest-paid workers. By 1970, the UFW had succeeded in reaching a collective bargaining agreement with the table-grape growers, affecting in excess of 10,000 farm workers |
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United Farm Workers of America
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What:a labor union that evolved from unions founded by César Chávez, Philip Vera Cruz, Dolores Huerta, and Larry Itliong
When:in 1962 Where: Keene, California Why:This union changed from a workers' rights organization that helped workers get unemployment insurance to that of a union of farmworkers almost overnight,The union then brought in thousands more lettuce workers in the Salinas and Imperial Valleys and orange workers in Florida employed by subsidiaries of Coca-Cola. |
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Moral Majority
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What:political organization of the United States which had an agenda of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying
When:1978. Where: Why:During the 1980 presidential election, the Moral Majority is credited with giving Ronald Reagan two-thirds of the white evangelical vote, over Jimmy Carter |
