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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Aspirin
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irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
prevents conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2 increases bleeding time, no effect on PT or PTT Toxicity: gastric ulceration, reye's syndrome, tinnitus |
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Clopidogrel, ticlopidine
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inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors, preventing glycloprotein IIB/IIIA expression.
Use: decrease platelet aggregatin Toxicity: neutropenia |
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Abciximab
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prevents platelet aggregation
antibody that binds glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets Toxicity: bleeding,thrombocytopenia |
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Methotrexate
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S-phase specific: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in decreased dTMP and therefore stops DNA and protein synthesis
Rescue: leucovorin (folinic acid) Use: abortion, ectopic preg, cancers, RA, psoriasis |
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5-fluorouracil
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S phase specific (antimetabolite)
decreases dTMP, same effect as MTX except inhibits tymidylate synthase. *No rescue |
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6-mercaptopurine
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blocks de novo purine synthesis
use: leukemias, lymphomas Toxcity: increases with allopurinol |
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Cytarabine (ara-C)
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inhibits DNA polymerase
Use: AML, ALL |
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Cyclophosphamide
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Alkylating agent (requires liver bioactivation)
Use: NH lymphoma |
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Nitrosurea (carmustine, lomustine
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alkylate DNA and cross BBB
good for brain tumors toxicity: CNS dizziness, ataxia |
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Cisplatin, carboplatin
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cross-links DNA
Use: testicular, bladder, ovarian cancer Toxicity: nephrotoxicity, acoustic nerve damage |
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Busulfan
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alkylates DNA
Use: CML Toxicity: pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation |
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Doxorubicin, danorubicin
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generates free radicals and intercalates DNA
part of ABVD for hodgkin's Toxicity: cardiotoxicity |
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Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)
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intercalates DNA
use: CHILDHOOD TUMORS: ewing's sarcoma, wilm's tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma |
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Bleomycin
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free radicals, break DNA strands
Use: testicular cancer, hodgkin's lymphoma (AVBD) Toxicity: pulmonary fibrosis |
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Hydroxurea
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which decreases DNA synthesis (S-phase specific)
Use: sickle cell, CML, melanoma |
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etoposide
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G2 phase specific inhibitor of topoisomerase II and increases DNA degradation
Use: small cell CA of lng and prostate |
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prednisone
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triggers apoptosis (glucocorticoid)
works on non-dividing cells part of MOPP Toxicity: cushing's like symptoms, osteoporosis, hypertension, acne, cateracts, |
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tamoxifen, raloxifene
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SERMS: receptor antagonists in breast, agonists in bone, block the binding of estrogen to receptor postive cells.
Use: breast cancer, osteoporosis *tamoxifen increaes the risk of endmetrial cancer due to partial agonist effects, raloxifine does not |
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trastuzumab
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monoclonal antibody against HER-2
breast cancer that is HER-2-neu positive Toxicity: cardiotoxic |
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imantinib (gleevac)
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tyrosine kinase inhibitor (CML, GI stromal tumors)
bcr-abl |
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vincristine/vinblastine
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M-phase specific blockage of microtubules
part of MOPP (hodgkin's) Vincristine: neurotoxic Vinblastine: marrow toxic "BLASTS THE BONE MARROA" |
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paclitaxel
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M-phase specific that binds tubulin and hyperstabilizes microtubles so they can't break down
NO ANAPHASE Use: ovarian and breast cancers |