Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What enzyme(s) do NSAIDs, acetaminophen, aspirin block? Which are reversible and irreversible?
|
COX-1, COX-2
Aspirin - irreversible NSAIDs - reversible Acetominophen - reversible |
|
Zafirlukast
Montelukast MOA? |
Blocks leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)
|
|
Aspirin: Adverse effects
|
GI Upset and bleeding
Analgesic Nephropahy Reye's syndrome |
|
Ketorolac: Drug Class and MOA
|
NSAIDS - block COX-1 and COX-2
|
|
Celecoxib: Class and MOA
|
COX-2 inhibitor (reversible)
|
|
Celecoxib: adverse effects
|
increased risk of thrombosis
|
|
Use this drug instead of aspirin to prevent Reye's syndrome
|
Acetaminophen
|
|
Etidronate: Class and MOA
|
Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity
|
|
Pamidronate: Class and MOA
|
Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity
|
|
ALendronate: Class and MOA
|
Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity
|
|
Colchicine: Class and MOA
|
It's own class - depolymerzies microtubules, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis
|
|
Colchicine: Use
|
Chronic gout
|
|
Probenecid: Class and MOA
|
Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT
|
|
Probenecid: Use
|
Chronic Gout
|
|
Allopurinol: Class and MOA
|
Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor. Prevents the formation of plasma uric acid
|
|
Allopurinol: Use
|
Chronic Gout
|
|
What should be used in an acute flare of gout?
|
Indomethacin
|
|
Allopurinol: Drug interactions
|
Increases azathioprine and 6-MP (both normally metabolized by xanthine oxidase)
|
|
Etanercept: Class and MOA
|
Recombinant TNF receptor. binds TNF
|
|
Etanercept: USes
|
Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
Infliximab: Class and MOA
|
Monoclonal antibody that Binds TNF.
|
|
Infliximab: Uses
|
Crohn's disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis.
|
|
Infliximab: Toxicity
|
Infection predisposition (TB reactivation)
|
|
Heparin: Class and MOA
|
Anticoagulant. Catalyzes the activation of antithrombin III (decreases thrombin and Xa)
|
|
Heparin: Use
|
Immediate anticoagulation for PEs, strokes, MI, etc.
|
|
How do you monitor Heparin use?
|
Monitor PTT
|
|
Heparin: Adverse effects
|
Bleeding, Thrombocytopenia (via HIT), osteoporosis
|
|
Reversal of Heparin OD?
|
Protamine sulfate
|
|
Lepirudin, bivalirudin: class and MOA
|
Anticoagulants. Hirudin derivatives that directly inhibit thrombin.
|
|
Lepirudin, bivalirudin: Use
|
Replacement of heparin in HIT
|
|
Warfarin: Class and MOA
|
Anticoagulant. inhibits factor synthesis and γ-carboxylation of K-dependant factors (II, VII, IX, X and Proteins C and S)
|
|
How do you monitor Warfarin use?
|
PT
|
|
Warfarin: Use
|
Chronic anticoagulation
|
|
What would you use in a pregnant woman, Warfarin or heparin?
|
Heparin. Warfarin crosses the placenta
|
|
Warfarin: adverse effects
|
Bleeding, Warfarin-induced tissue necrosis, teratogen
|
|
tPA: Class and MOA
|
Thrombolytic. Activator of plasminogen -> breakdown of fibrin and fibrinogen
|
|
tPA: Use
|
Early MI, Ischemic Stroke
|
|
tPA: Adverse Effects
|
Bleeding, Contrai'ed in pts with bleeding.
|
|
tPA: Toxicity Tx
|
Aminocapric acid (inhibits plasminogen)
|
|
Streptokinase, urokinase: Class and MOA
|
Thrombolytic. Activate plasminogen
|
|
Clopidogrel, ticlopidine: Class and MOA
|
Anticoagulant. Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP receptors -> Inhibition of fibrinogen bdnding by prevention of gpIIb/IIIa
|
|
Clopidogrel, ticlopidine: Use
|
Acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting
|
|
ticlopidine: toxicity
|
Neutropenia
|
|
Abciximab: class and MOA
|
Monoclonal antibody that binds the gpIIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets, preventing aggregation
|
|
Abciximab: Use
|
Acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
|
|
Abciximab: adverse effects
|
Bleeding, thrombocytopenia
|
|
Methotrexate: Class and MOA
|
DHF reductase inhibitor. No production of Thymidine.
|
|
Methotrexate: Use
|
Cancer, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis
|
|
Methotrexate: Adverse effects (and how to reverse)
|
Myelosuppression, reverisble with leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue
|
|
5-fluorouracil: Class and MOA
|
Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (no production of dTMP)
|
|
5-fluorouracil: Use
|
Cancer. Synergistic with MTX
|
|
5-fluorouracil: Adverse effects (and how to reverse)
|
Myelosuppression. Thymidine rescue
|
|
6-mercaptopurine: class and MOA
|
Block of de novo purine synthesis. Needs activated by HGPRTase.
|
|
6-mercaptopurine:Use
|
Cancer
|
|
6-mercaptopurine: Adverse Effects
|
Bone marrow, GI, Liver. Metabolized with xanthine oxidase...toxicity with allopurinol
|
|
Cytarabine (ara-c): Class and MOA
|
Inhibits DNA polymerase
|
|
Cytarabine (ara-c): Use
|
Cancer (A__Ls and non-hodgkin's)
|
|
Cytarabine (ara-c): Adverse Effects
|
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia
|
|
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: Class and MOA
|
Alkylating agents. Colvalently link DNA at guanine. Both require activation by liver
|
|
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: USe
|
Cancer and immunosuppression
|
|
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: Adverse effects (and reversibility)
|
Myelosuppression, HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS (reversible with mesna)
|
|
Nitrosureas: Names
|
Carumustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin
|
|
Nitrosureas: Class and mOA
|
DNA Alkylating agents. Require activation. Cross BBB.
|
|
Nitrosureas: Use
|
Brain tumors
|
|
Nitrosureas: Adverse effects
|
CNS toxicity
|
|
Cisplatin, carboplatin: Class and MOA
|
Crosslink DNA
|
|
Cisplatin, carboplatin: Use
|
Cancer
|
|
Cisplatin, carboplatin: Adverse effects
|
NEPHROTOXIC and acoustic nerve damage
|
|
Busulfan: Class and MOA
|
Alkylates DNA
|
|
Busulfan: Use
|
Cancer and Bone marrow ablation
|
|
Busulfan: Adverse effects
|
Pulmonary Fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
|
|
Doxorubicin: Class and MOA
|
Generates free radicals
|
|
Doxorubicin: Adverse Effects
|
Cardiotoxic
|
|
Dactinomycin: Class and MOA
|
Intercalates DNA
|
|
Dactinomycin: Use
|
Childhood cancers
|
|
Dactinomycin: Adverse Effects
|
Myelosuppression
|
|
Bleomycin: Class and MOA
|
Free radical induction
|
|
Bleomycin: Use
|
Cancer (testicular), ABVD Hadgkin's regimen
|
|
Bleomycin: Adverse Effects
|
Pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes
|
|
Hydroxyurea: Class and MOA
|
Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase, decreased DNA synthesis
|
|
Hydroxyurea: Use
|
Cancer
|
|
Hydroxyurea: Adverse Effects
|
BM Suppresion, GI upset
|
|
Etoposide (VP-16): Class and MOA
|
G2 specific agent taht inhibits topo II and enhances DNA degradation
|
|
Etoposide (VP-16): USe
|
cancer
|
|
Etoposide (VP-16): Adverse effects
|
Myelosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia
|
|
Prednisone: Class and MOA
|
Apoptosis trigger.
|
|
Prednisone: Use
|
Most common glucocorticoid in cancer, CLL, Lymphomas (MOPP), immunosuppressant
|
|
Prednisone: Adverse Effects
|
Cushing-like, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis
|
|
Tamoxifen, reloxifene: Class and MOA
|
SERMs. Estrogen receptor agonsits in estrogen sensitive cancers
|
|
Tamoxifen, reloxifene: Uses
|
Breast cancer. Osteoporosis prevention
|
|
Tamoxifen, reloxifene: adverse effects
|
tamoxifen may increase risk of endometrial carcinoma.
|
|
Trastuzumab: Class and MOA
|
monoclonal Ab to HER-2 in breast cancer cells that overexpress this molecule.
|
|
Trastuzumab: Use
|
Breast Cancer
|
|
Trastuzumab: Toxicity
|
Cardiotoxic
|
|
Imatinab (Gleevec): Class and MOA
|
Philadelphia chromosome bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
|
|
Imatinab (Gleevec): USE
|
CML, GI stromal tumors
|
|
Vincristine, vinblastine: Class and MOA
|
Microtubule polymerization blockers. M-phase-specific
|
|
Vincristine, vinblastine: Use
|
Hodgkin's (MOPP), other cancers
|
|
Paclitaxel: Class and MOA
|
Binds tubulin, preventing microtubule formation. (no anaphase). M-phase-specific
|
|
Paclitaxel: Use
|
Ovarian and breast carcinomas
|
|
Paclitaxel: Adverse Effects
|
Myelosuppression and hypersensitivity
|