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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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probability that a person with a disease will have a positive result on a given test
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sensitivity
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probability that a person without a disease will have a negative result on a test
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specificity
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probability that a person with a positive test result has the disease
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PPV
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probability that a person with a negative test result is disease free
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NPV
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when does a test have a higher NPV value?
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lower prevalence of disease
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when does a test have a higher PPV value?
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higher prevalence of the disease
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compares the incidence of a disease in a group exposed to a particular risk factor with the incidence of those not exposed to the risk factor
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relative risk
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in what type of study is RR used?
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cohort / prospective studies
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compares the rate of exposure among those with and without a disease
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odds ratio
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in what type of study is OR used?
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case-control / retrospective studies
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when does OR approximate RR?
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in rare diseases
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table Disease +/-; Test +/-; formula for sensitivity
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A/A+C
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table Disease +/-; Test +/-; formula for specificity
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d/(b+d)
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table Disease +/-; Test +/-; formula for PPV
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a/(a+b)
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table Disease +/-; Test +/-; formula for NPV
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d/(c+d)
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table Disease +/-; exposure +/-; formula for RR
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a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
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table Disease +/-; exposure +/-; formula for OR
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ad/bc
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formula for ARR
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absolute risk or rate of adverse events in the placebo group minus absolute risk in treated patients
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measures the risk accounted for by exposure to a given factor, taking into account the background of the disease
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ARR
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in what type of study is ARR or attributable risk used?
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RCTs
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in what type of study is RRR used?
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RCT
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ratio between two risks
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RRR
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this ratio can be deceptive
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RRR
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number of patients that would be needed to treat to prevent one event
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NNT
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formula for NNT
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1/ARR
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self-reporting of symptoms, exposures, feelings and other subjective data
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surveys
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studies that assess future outcomes relating to present or future events
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prospective studies
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studies that relate to outcomes from past events
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retrospective studies
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