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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Outward current or flow of + ions out of the cell has whats effect on the cell's membrane
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IT HYPERPOLARIZES THE CELL'S MEMBRANE. (K+ LEAVES THE CELL)
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Inward current or the flow of + ions into the cell results in..?
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DEPOLARIZATION OF THE CELL'S MEMBRANE (LIKE WHEN NA+ ENTERS THE CELL)
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In hyperkalemia, the cell is depolarized due to the high concentration of K+ though not to threshhold so the Na+ channels remain closed causing muscle weakness..what's this phenomenon called?
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ACCOMODATION
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Which valvular event coincides with the T wave?
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aortic valve closure
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A pt with meningitis would hyper or hypo-ventilate..why?
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Hyperventilate because there's an increase in H+ ions hence a decrease in ph 2/2 to infection triggering hyperventilation
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A pt develops acidosis. What effect does this have in the H+ concentration of the CSF?
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None because H+ cannot cross the BBB..Any increase of H+ ions in CSF is extrinsic (infection)
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If a pt breathing room air is given 100% o2, what happens to ventilation?
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Nothing. Only decreases in O2 content trigger ventilatory responses
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A pt presents with prolonged inspirations and short expirations..DX and which CNS area is damaged?
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Apneustic breathing..Caudal pons
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If a pt donates a kidney, what happens to GFR?
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It's cut in half to 60 ml/min
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If a pt losses 50% of functioning nephrons what happens to GFR?
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It decreases only 25% because the rest of nephrons compensate by increasinf glomerular capillary pressure
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If a pt donates a kidney, what happens to GFR?
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It's cut in half to 60 ml/min
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If a pt losses 50% of functioning nephrons what happens to GFR?
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It decreases only 25% because the rest of nephrons compensate by increasinf glomerular capillary pressure
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At maximal ADH secretion, where's most of the free h2o reabsorbed in the nephron?
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In the PCT..Even though ADH acts on the collecting duct, 2/3 of the H2O was already reabsorbed in the PCT
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At maximum effect of ADH, at what point on the nephron there's a maximal osmolarity?
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At the tip of the loop of henle and in the collecting duct
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At which point in the nephron is the lowest osmolality?
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Early DCT because h2o leaving the loop of henle is hypotonic but there's further reabsorption of electrolytes so DCT has a lower osmolality than the end of ascending loop of henle
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What happens to urine osmolality in an uncontrolled diabetic?
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Decreases because glucose isnt reabsorbed in the PCT so it drags h20 through the nephron creating an unconcentrated urine..hence polyuria
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What happens to HCO3- in RTA 2 and provide two examples of conditions in which this happens?
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PCT is unable to reabsorbe HCO3- so it's lost in the urine and the plasma concentration decreases as well..this leads to acid urine and blood..exp: Fanconi's syndrome and effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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If the pituitary stalk is severed, which pituitary hormone would increase?
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Prolactin..because it's constantly inhibited
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Which drug maintains Mean Arterial Pressure by increasing Cardiac Output and decreasing Total Peripheral Resistance?
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Dobutamine
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In a pt on chronic steroids tx, which areas become atrophied and which one stays intact?
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The z. fasciculata and reticularis atrophy and z. glomerulosa statys intact because it's under control of angiotensin 2 and K+
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Why do hypercalcemia and hypokalemia result in polyuria?
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They both inhibit ADH at the kidney tubules
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Short 4th digit, mental retardation, short stature..Dx?
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Pseudohypoparathyroidism (normal levels but tissues are resistant)
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A pt presents w/ + prostate ca and spine mets. which drug tx should be initiated?
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Flutamide (inhibits testosterone at prostate receptors)
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A pt w/ metastatic prostate ca to the spine is treated and he becomes paralized. Which tx was started?
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GnRH agonists (Leuprolide...) they cause an increase in FSH and LH as well as testosterone
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A woman presents with irregular menses. Which phase varies in lenght?
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Follicular phase
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A pregnant in her 3rd trimester has an elevated po glucose tolerance test. There's no hx of DM. What's the cause of this?
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Human Placental Lactogen can induce gestational DM
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What's the mechanism by which milk synthesis is blocked until birth?
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High levels from the placenta prevent milk synthesis..after birth estrogen levels decrease and milk is produced
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A woman nursing her newborn is sexually active but doesn't conceive. What's the mechanism?
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Nipple stimulation inhibits dopamine which increases prolactin which inhibit GnRH leading to low levels of FSH and LH
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Pt presents with acute pancreatitis. What's the underlying enzymatic mechanism?
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Premature activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas
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A pt develops diarrhea and hypokalemia. Where's the location where the diarrhea developed?
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Colon..the colon secretes potassium
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