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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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VM hardware versions released with vSphere 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 5.1, and 5.5 |
3.5: 4 4.1: 7 5.0: 8 5.1: 9 5.5: 10 |
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VM hardware versions available in each version of vSphere (4.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.1, and 5.5) |
4.0: 4,7 4.1: 4,7 5.0: 4,7,8 5.1: 4,7,8,9 5.5: 7,8,9,10 |
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Where can initial location of a VM be (4) |
* Cluster
* ESXi host * vApp * Resource Pool |
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How can VMs be moved? |
Manually: vMotion Automatically: DRS |
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Key combo to release cursor control from console window? |
CTRL+ALT |
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Key combo to exit full screen mode? |
CTRL+ALT+ENTER |
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What do VM tools do (2) |
* Enhance performance of guest VM
* provide additional functionality for VM |
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2 ways to install VMware tools |
* Click on blue link
* All vCenter Actions> Guest OS > Install VMware tools |
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Ways to upgrade VMware tools(3) |
* Manually
* VM configured to check for updates during power cycle * Update Manager |
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Differences between interactive and automatic VMware tools upgrade |
* Automatic does not allow custom install
* Automatic will automatically reboot without prompting if needed |
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When to modify VMware tools |
When a driver needs to be added/removed |
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2 ways to choose which device drivers installed in VMware tools |
Interactive installation modifying an existing installation |
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What is PVSCSI? |
Paravirtualized SCSI - result in greater throughput and lower CPU utilization |
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What does Paravirtual SCSI driver do? |
Provides increased performance for paravirtualized SCSI devices |
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What does Virtual printing driver do? |
Allows guests to access host's printers |
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What does Memory Control Driver do? |
Provides enhanced memory management functionality |
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What does Mouse driver do? |
Smooths mouse movement in guest OS |
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What does SVGA driver do? |
Enables 32-bit displays, greater resolutions, and better mouse performance |
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What does Audio driver do? |
Provides audio for virtual sound cards |
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What does VMXNet NIC driver do? |
provides increased performance for network devices |
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What doees VMXNet 3 Driver do? |
Proviedes increased performance for paravirtualized network devices. |
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What does Volume Shadow CopyService Support Driver do? |
Enables VSS support for Windoes Vista or Windows Server 2003 or newer. |
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What does FileSystem Sync Driver do? |
Enables VSS support for Windows versions prior to Vista or Windows Server 2003 |
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What is VMCI? What does its driver do> |
Virtual Machine Communication Interface Enables VM-to-VM or VM-to-Host communications using datagrams and shared memory |
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What do vShield Drivers do? |
Enable vShield Endpoint thin agent for VMs to be protected by vShield Endpoint |
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What does Shared Folders do? What are default status and recommendation? |
Used to enable shared folders. Disable by default and not recommended for use. |
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What video driver do Windows Vista and newer use instead of SVGA? What does it provide? |
VMware SVGA 3D (Microsoft - WDDM) Driver - Support for Windows Aero |
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What kinds of things are determined by machine hardware version? |
* BIOS/EFI
* Number of CPUs * Maximum memory * etc |
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Where can hardware compatibility be set? (4) |
* Datacenter
* Cluster * Host * VM |
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How can virtual hardware be upgraded? (2) |
Manually * Update Manager |
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How can VM hardware version be downgraded? (2) |
* with VMware Converter
* Create new VM with desired version and attach disks from old VM |
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Options to sync OS and host time (Which is VMware tools?) |
Win32Time NTP Periodic Time Syncronization - VMware Tools |
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Best practice for time Synchonization? |
Only 1 method at a time |
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Windows/Linux command to disable periodic time synchronization |
Win: VmwareToolboxCmd.exe timesync status/enable/disable Linux: vmware-toolbox-cmd |
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What events will cause time sync even if periodic timesync disabled? (4) |
* Starting VMware Tools service/Daemon (reboot or power on)
* Resuming a VM from suspend operation * Reverting to a snapshot * Shrinking a disk |
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How can all VMware Tools-initiated time synchronization be disabled? |
Modify VMs VMX file |
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What does virtual device node indicate? |
Storage controller and drive number |
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What storage options are grayed out for powered-on VM? (2) |
* Disk mode
* virtual device node |
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What are 3 disk modes? What do they do> |
Dependent - Included in Snapshots Independent Persistent - Excluded from snapshots, data persists through reboot Independent non-persistent - Excluded from snapshots, data lost during reboot |
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What does provisioned space include? |
Size of all disks that make up VM, plus swap file |
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What does Used Space include? |
Space consumed by VM, including swap files, config files, and snapshots. |
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What are 6 available disk controllers? |
IDE SATA BusLogic Parallel LSI Logic Parallel LSI Logic SAS VMware Paravirtual |
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What is IDE controller? |
Disk controller used by legacy OSes for disk and CD/DVD ROM drives |
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What is SATA Controller? |
New driver with version 10, typically used for MAC OS X guests and CD/DVD ROM drives |
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What is BusLogic Parallel Driver? What used by? |
Emulated version of hardware storage adapter from BusLogic. Typically used with older OSes that include BusLogic driver by default |
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What is LSI Logic Driver? What used by? |
Emulated version of hardware storage adapter from LSI. Typically used with newer OSes that include LSI driver by default |
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What is LSI Logic SAS driver? (4) |
* Controller released with vSphere 4
* provides increased performance ofer BusLogic and LSI Logic Parallel controllers * Requires hardware version 7 * Good choice as support phased out for parallel SCSI |
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What is VMware Paravirtual Driver? (4) |
* Storage driver released with VSphere 4
* intended to provide high performance with lower CPU utilization * Intended for use with high I/O and high-performance Storage. * Not supported by all OSes |
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What is not supported for IDE or SATA Disks? |
Application-consistend quiescing (via VMware Tool snapshots) |
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That is SCSI bus sharing? When useful> |
* Allows different VMs to access same virtual disks simultaneously
* Useful in Clustering solutions |
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SCSI bus sharing solutions and effects |
* None - Only local VM can access
* Virtual - VMs on same ESXi host can access * Physical - VMs on other hosts can access |
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Options for SCSI controllers (3) |
* Add/Remove
* Change Type * setting bus sharing options |
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Ways of referring to type of disk used by VM (3) |
* virtual disk type
* disk provisioning * format |
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3 types of virtual disks |
* Thin provisioned
* Thick provisioned lazy zeroed * Thick provisioned eager zeroed |
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What is a flat disk? |
Previous name for Thick-provisioned lazy zeroed |
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What happens to thin-provisioned disk size as files deleted? |
Remains at largest grown size |
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What is RDM? |
Raw Device Mapping - Allows storage of VM data directly on SAN instead of VMDK file on VMFS datastore |
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When RDMs useful? (3)) |
* When SAN snapshots are required
* with applications that are SAN-aware * With MS Cluster Services (MSCS) used |
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What are 2 RDM compatibility modes? |
Physical Compatibility Mode Virtual Compatibility Mode |
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What is Physical Compatibility Mode? |
RDM mode where VMkernel passes all SCSI data (Except REPORT LUNs command). |
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What is Virtual Compatibility mode? |
RDM mode that allows OS to treate RDM like virtual disk |
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When would RDM Physical Compatibility Mode be used? |
With SAN aware applications |
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Snapshots work with which RDM Compatibility modes? |
Physical - No Virtual - Yes |
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Disk provisioning type required for Fault Tolerance |
Thick-Provisioned Eager Zeroed |
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Disk provisioning required if storage is NFS and doesn't support VAAI NAS extensions? |
Thin-provisioning |
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Disk type often required for clustering? |
Thick-provisioned Eager Zeroed or RDM |
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Disk type that can easily be moved to other virtual/Physical servers? |
RDMs |
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How to convert thin disk to thick disk? (4) |
inflate command storage DRS VMware converter vmkfstools |
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What can shares be configured for? |
CPU Memory Disk |
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What is unique about disk shares? |
created on per-host basis and cannot be pooled across a cluster |
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Available Share values? |
Low Normal High Custom |
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What are IOPS |
Input/Output operations per second |
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3 ways to affect disk throughput |
disk shares IOPS limts Put them on appropriately-backed datastores |
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2 options for virtual disk files |
Store with VM Browse (put in another datastore) |
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Storage often used with MS SQL server? |
Raid 5 and Raid1+0 |
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When might putting page file on different datastore be beneficial? |
if replication being used at storage level |
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When might SSD drive be beneficial |
with read-intensive applications |
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What kind of datastore might be useful for virtual desktops? |
datastore with deduplication |
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Best practice for VM resource size? |
Start small and grow as required |
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Steps in sizing a VM (3) |
* Check OS requirements
* Check App requirements * Monitor performance and adjust as needed |
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What are E1000/E1000E NICs? |
Emulated version of Intel Gigabit Ethernet NICs |
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OSes with drivers for E1000 NIC? |
Linux 2.4.19 and newer, Windows XP pro 64 bit and newer |
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Default NIC for Windows 8? |
E1000E |
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What is SR-IOV Passthrough NIC? |
VM and ESXi host communicate directly without use of VMkernel
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What OSes is SR-IOV passthrough available on? |
Available in Red Hat Enterprise 6.x and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP2 |
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What is Vlance Driver? |
Emulated version of AMD LANCE NIC. Drivers |
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What OSes is Vlance driver available on? |
available in most 32-bit Guests, but not Windows Vista or newer. |
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What is Flexible NIC Driver? |
Identifies itself as Vlance adapter at boot, but can function as VMXNET adapter if VMware Tools are installed |
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What is VMXNET driver? What does it require? |
NIC adapter built for VMs. Requires VMware Tools. |
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VMXNET 2 |
Based on VMXNET driver, but offers jumbo frame and hardware offload support |
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Where is VMXNET2 available? |
Select OSes oin ESX/ESXI 3.5 and newer |
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VMXNET 3 (6) |
Paravirtualized NIC designed for performance. Offers Jumbo Frames, Hardware offloads, support for multiqueue, support for IPV6, and MSI/MSI-X interrupt delivery |
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VMware converter |
Free standalone application to convert P2V, V2V, reconfigure VMs, and import various image formats |
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Cold Cloning |
Booting a phys/virtual machine into VMware Converter and running conversion from there. Not supported in version 5 and later |
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Hot Cloning |
Converts VM while OS and applications are running. |
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Recommendation for hot cloing |
Stop all services and applications to ensure consistencey |
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2 primary coning modes |
Volume-Based Disk-Based |
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Volume-Based Cloning |
Used if volumes resized to smaller (or larger)size and will copy each file from source to destination |
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Disk-based Cloning |
Used if volumes will remain the same size or grow and copies disk blocks. |
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What cloning mode is faster? |
Disk-based is faster than volume-ased |
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What happens to network during P2V VMware conversion? |
Ethernet controllers change and network will have to be reconfigured |
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What implications can P2V conversion have? |
Implications for software that is licensed to a particular MAC address or other aspect of Physical hardware |
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How can VMware Converter Standalone 5.5 be installed? (2) |
On a physical server or VM As local or client/server |
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What will need to be done after VMware Conversion? |
* Any hardware agents, hardware management applications and vendor-specific drivers removed
* Networking be reconfigured * Logs monitored to ensure all running smoothly |
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What changes can be made during V2V VMware conversion that can't otherwise be easily done? (4) |
* Shrinking Disk
* Downgrading VM hardware version * Making clones of VMs with snapshots * Changing hypervisors |
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vApp |
Container that consists of one or more VMs. VMs are treated as a group and properties such as start/shutdown order can be configured |
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Objects than can be added to a vApp (3) |
* VMs
* Resource Pools * Other vApps |
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2 ways to add objects to a vApp (2) |
* Right click vApp and select All vCenter Actions > new
* Add existing item (Drag and drop) |
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IP Pool |
Network configuration stored in vCenter. Associated with one or more port groups and can be used to provde an IP addres to VMs in a vApp |
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What is needed on VMs for IP Pools? |
support inside the guest OS |
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What object are IP Pools associated with? |
Associated with Datacenter |
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Steps to enable IP Pool |
Create IP Pool Make sure VMs associated with same port group as pool Edit VM to enable vApp options |
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IP allocation options for vApp |
* DHCP
* Static-Manual * Static-IP Pool - Uses IP Pool and address stays same at power off * Transient-IP Pool - uses IP Pool but released at VM power off. |
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Differences between cloning and exporting a vApp (2) |
* Cloning can be done regardless of Power state; Exporting requires they be powered off
* Exported vApps can be moved to a different system in a different location |
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OVF vs OVA files |
OVF: Collection of files (.ovf, .vmdk, and .mf) OVA: One file containing all files of an OVF |
