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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Notochord
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rod of tissue that supports body
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Hepatic portal system
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from GI tract to liver
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Ostracoderms
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"shell-skinned" fish. Jawless, extinct.
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Agnatha
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Jawless. Most primitive
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Cyclostomata Orders & examples
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Petromyzontiformes- Lamprey
Myxiniformes- Hagfish |
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Placoderms
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1st jawed vertebrate (extinct)
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Chondricthyes
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Sharks & rays
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Chondricthyes Subclasses
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Elasmobranchii
Holocephali |
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Osteichthyes
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Bony fish
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Osteichthyes classes
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Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii |
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Charles Lineas
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Binomial nomenclature guy
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Rhinodon
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Whale Shark
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Diadromous
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can go btwn fresh & salt water
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Anadromous
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Reproduce in fresh, then migrate to sea to mature
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Oncorhynchus
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Pacific Salmon
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Catadromous
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Reproduce in sea, then migrate to fresh to mature.
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Anquilla
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Freshwayer eels
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Ectotherm
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"cold-blooded". Controls temp. through external means.
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Endotherm
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Internal temp. control.
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Periophthalmus
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Mudskipper. Carries water in gill sac, climbs trees.
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Protopterus
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Lungfish
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Dermatocranium
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bone from skin
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Chondrocranium
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cartilaginous cover
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Splanchnocranium
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derived from gill arches
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Cyclostomes
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Most primitive fish. No jaw.
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Osteichthyes skull
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Many dermal bones, lots of kinesis.
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# fish gill arches
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6
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# shark gill arches
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5
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# Teleost gill arches
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4
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Gill lamellae
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soft filaments on rakers. Take O2 from water.
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1st gill arch
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Manibular. Palatoquadrate & Meckel's Cartilage.
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2nd gill arch (name & function)
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Hyomandibular. Attaches 1st arch to rest of cranium.
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Amphicoelous definition
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both surfaces are concave
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Myotome
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Muscle segment
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Fish circulatory order
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Heart--->gills--->body--->heart
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Renal portal system
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Drains caudal vein into kidney
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Chaenocephalus
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Ice fish
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No air bladder
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Flounder
Mackerel |
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Physostomous air bladder
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evagination from pharynx. Fill by gulping air.
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Physoclistous air bladder
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not attached to pharynx. Filled by circulatory system.
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Ostariophysi
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2nd largest superorder of fish. Have Weberian ossicles.
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Weberian ossicles
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modified vertebrae that connect air bladder to ear
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Holonephros
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"hypothetical"
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Pronephros
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Transitional type. Kidney of larval cyclostomes.
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Mesonephros
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Embryonic amniotes & adult fishes.
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Metanephros
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In land vertebrates
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Opisthonephros
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In adult fishes
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Oviparous
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Eggs develop externally
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Ovoviviparous
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Egg developes inside body, but there is no placenta. The egg hatches inside parent.
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Viviparous
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Live birth
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Chemoreceptors
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taste & smell.
Well-developed in fish & amphibians |
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Olfactory pits
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have concentrated chemoreceptors
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Dipnoan
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Lungfish
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Anableps
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"4-eyed fish"
Lenses divided into sections that allow separate focusing. |
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Purpose of fish ears?
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Balance
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Lateral line
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Neuromasts (receptors) feel water currents.
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Parathyroid
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Helps w/ calcium metabolism.
NOT IN FISHES. |
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Placoid scales
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Sharks & rays.
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Ganoid
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Gars. (diamonds)
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Cosmoid scale
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Lobe-finned fishes.
(Oval-ish) |
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Cycloid
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Reptiles. (Circles)
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Ctenoid
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Fish w/ spiny finned rays (bass, etc.)
Circles w/ toothed outer edge. |
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Melanin
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Browns & blacks
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Carotinoids
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Reds & oranges
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Guanine crystals
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Iridocyte.
Silver foil-y tinge. |
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Remora
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"Sucker fish"
Dorsal fin modified as sucker. |
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Sarcopterygii
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"Fleshy-finned fish"
Class of Osteichthyes. |
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Scorpaenidae
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"Scorpion fish" family. Includes Lionfish
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Pterois
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Lionfish.
In the family Scorpaenidae. |
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Ichthyosarcotoxism
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Poisoning from the ingestion of a poisonous fish.
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Cause bioluminescence
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Luciferin & Luciferase
Electric organs Bacteria |
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Photophores
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Special organs w/ luminescent bacteria
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Ampullae of Lorenzini
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Used by sharks to detect electric currents
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Mormyrid
(name & what is special) |
"Freshwater Elephant Fish".
Generate electric field to sense surroundings, communicate. |
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Electrophorus electricus
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Electric eel
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Electric Ray genus
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Torpedo
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Amphibian skulls
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2 Occipital condyles
Incompletely ossified- cranial kinesis. |
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Amphibians evolved from
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Rhipidistians (Sarcopterygii)
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Amphibians 1st appeared
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Devonian
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Ichthyostegalia
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First landliving verts. Evolved into amphibians
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Zygapophyses
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Protrusions on vertebrae to make spine more stable & provide for muscle attachment
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Labyrinthodont
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maze-like teeth
Also precursor to land amphibians-oldest SC of amphibians. |
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Ascaphus
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Tailed frog
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Pipidae
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Tongueless frog
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Xenopus
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African clawed frog
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Pipa
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Surinam toad
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Alytes
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Midwife toad
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Pelobatidae
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Spadefoot toads
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Scapheopus
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Southern spadefoot toad
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Bufonidae
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Common toads
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Bufo marinus
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Marine toad
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Dendrobatidae
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Poison arrow frogs
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Hylidae
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Tree frogs
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Source of Curare
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Dendrobates
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Ranidae
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True frogs
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Rana
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Common leopard frog
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Rhacophoridae
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Shrub frogs
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Rhacoporus
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Javan flying frog
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Caudata
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Salamander
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Crytobranchidae
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Giant salamanders
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Ambrystoma
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Mole salamanders (Axolotl)
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Neotenic
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Larval form can breed
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Salamandridae
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Newts
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Genus of Salamandridae
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Triturus
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Amphiuma
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Congo eels
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Plethodontidae
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Lungless salamanders
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Typhlomolge rathbuni
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Texas blind salamander
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Necturus
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Mudpuppies
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Caecilians
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Look like giant earthworms
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Amplexus
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Male hooks onto females back & stimulates her. She releases eggs, and then he fertilizes them.
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Parotid gland
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Poison gland found on backs of amphibians.
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Tubular glands
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Found on chin of salamanders. Attracts females.
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Lipophore
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Red, orange, yellow chromatophores.
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Melanophore
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Brown & black chromatophores
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Guanophore
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analogous to iridiocytes of fishes (pearly)
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Amphibian digits
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4 in front, 5 in back
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Prehallux
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6 digits
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Scaphiopus couchi
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Spadefoot toad
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Metatarsal tubercle
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Prehallux adaptation modified for digging
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Cladoselache
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Primitive shark from Devonian
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Batoidea
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Rays & Skates
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SC of cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyes)
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Holocephali
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Osteichthyes SC
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Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii |