Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Disease indications for contrast study |
Megaesophagus Foreign body GI lesions Ectopic ureters Neoplasia Spinal cord neoplasia IV disc protrusion |
|
|
Contrast studies are most commonly used for area of |
Low contrast GI tract Urinary tract Nervous system |
|
|
Purpose of contrast study |
Enhance contrast |
|
|
What do these radiographs require |
Excellent patient preparation |
|
|
How long should animal be fasted for urinary study |
12-18hrs prior to xrays |
|
|
What can contrast media be |
Positive Negative |
|
|
What does positive contrast media include |
Barium sulfate and water soluble iodine preparations |
|
|
What are negative medias |
Radiolucent |
|
|
Negative contrast agents include |
Room air and oxygen |
|
|
What are positive media |
Radio opaque |
|
|
What does BIPS stand for |
Barium impregnated Polyethylene Spheres |
|
|
What are BIPS |
A mixture of plastic and barium sulfate |
|
|
What are the sizes of the dissolving spheres |
5mm and 1.5mm |
|
|
What does BIPS do in practice |
Accurate way to rule out physical obstructions of the bowel and are the only practical way to assess GI motility and the transit of food |
|
|
Principal indications for BIPS |
Ruling out obstructions of the GI tract Ruling out linear foreign bodies in cats Screening patients with chronic vomit/diarrhea with partial bowel obstruction |
|
|
Contradictions and limitations of BIPS |
A patient with shock will not be a good candidate BIPS are not indicated in patients too weak to swallow or those who have coffee ground vomit or melena Animals that vomit frequently would not be a good candidate because it would not be retained long enough for gastric emptying to begin BIPS does not indicate for non obstructive diseases |
|
|
Why can't a patient with shock use BIPS |
This urgency will demand immediate treatment |
|
|
BIPS are not indicated in patients too ______ to _____ or those who have ________ ________ or ______ |
Weak Swallow Coffee ground Vomit Melena |
|
|
Why are BIPS of little value to animals who vomit frequently |
Because the BIPS are not retained long enough for gastric emptying to begin |
|
|
How many times a day can a BIPS canidate vomit |
Less than 4 times a day |
|
|
Does BIPS compare to any other method |
BIPS do not replace anything they are more like an alternative approach |
|
|
Advantages of using BIPS vs barium sulfate suspension |
Easier to detect with More sensitive for motility disorders Administration is more convenient Less likely to be aspirated or cause peritonitis They do not obscure abdominal detail |
|
|
Disadvantages of using BIPS compared to barium sulfate |
Not as much information about mucosal detail Do not outline luminal borders of GI and so are less valuable for differentiating dilated or displaced organs Studies take longer because it moves more slowly though GI |
|
|
How can more mucosal detail be obtained |
Single or double gastrogram |
|
|
Examples of dialated or displaced organs |
Megaesophagus Megacolon GDV |
|
|
Why do BIPS take longer |
They move somewhat more slowly though GI tract than liquid |
|
|
Why are GI obstructions easier to rule out with BIPS |
The diameter of the BIPS is about the same as the size of the bowel lumen when there are clinical signs of FB. If the large BIPS enters the colon it is highly unlikely they would have FB. If there was a blockage the BIPS would settle behind it, liquid would not. |
|
|
Can liquid barium be used with BIPS |
Liquid barium can be used after BIPS but BIPS cannot be used for 24-48hrs after liquid barium. |
|
|
How do BIPS compare with ultrasound |
BIPS provides more functional info on gastric emptying rate and intestinal transit time but less morphological info about abdomen |
|
|
How do BIPS compare with endoscopy |
BIPS compliments endoscopy because they allow the diagnosis of motility disorders and obstructive diseases of the lower small bowel |
|
|
What is the recommended dose for BIPS in dogs and cats |
Thirty small BIPS and 10 large BIPS |
|
|
Are you able to give less than the dose |
It is highly recommended to use the dose, because the fewer the pills greater room for error and harder to interpret studies |
|
|
Why is BIPS better on an empty stomach |
They move more quickly through the GI |
|
|
How many radiographs to take with BIPS |
One set of radiographs 6-24 hours after administration on empty stomach |
|
|
What views are required for BIPS |
2 views lateral abdomen and VD abdomen |
