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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Resonance
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Spontaneous reinforcement and amplification of tonal vibrations occurring whenever a cavity is tuned to a natural frequency of the fundamental pitch sounded
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Fundamental frequency
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The number of cycles (vibration waves) per second. The greater the number of vibrations per second the higher the pitch. Fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of a complex sound wave
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Hertz
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Unit of measurement of cycles per second named after Gustav Hertz
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Timbre
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Distinctive quality and character of a tone
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Harmonic series
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A series of overtones or upper partial of a complex sound which is an integral multiple of fundamental frequency
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Condoyle
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The hinge point where the jaw intersects slightly with the skull
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Sternothyroid muscle
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Extrinsic muscle, inserts into hyoid bone from superior part of sternum
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Constrictor muscles
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3 large pairs of muscles that form the pharyngeal wall, extend from thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone , and bony structure of oropharynx to the esophagus
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Tonal placement or focus
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The subjective perception of localized tonal sensations, usually sensed in the facial mask
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Vowel Formants
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The lowest 2 Formants of the sound spectrum determine which vowel is perceived
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The singer's formant
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When a singer produces the singers ring there is a peak in the spectral envelope
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thyroarytenoid muscle
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One of the two muscles originating below the thyroidal notch and inserting into each arytenoid cartilage
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cricothyroid muscle
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Four muscles which attach to the front of the cricoid cartilage and lower the thyroid cartilage in adjustment for higher pitches
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Abductors
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Separating the vocal folds or opening of the glottis as in inhalation
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adductors
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Drawing together the vocal folds or closing of the glottis in the act of phonation, to move toward the midline position
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Tensors
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Lengthening and thinning contraction of cricothyroid causes faster vibration of vocal folds
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Relaxers
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Shortening and thickening thyroarytenoid contracts and arytenoids are drawn closer to thyroid, thus shortening the vocal folds
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Diaphragm
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A large dome shaped partition composed of muscle tendon and sinews which separates the abdomen from the thorax and facilitates breathing
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Internal and external intercostal muscles
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Internal originate from the rib into a higher rib and help with exhalation external originate from a higher rib and insert into a lower rib and help with inhalation
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Passaggio
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Italian term used for transition between register in all voices
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Source filter theory
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An explanation of vowel formation based on the source as a sound spectrum produced by the vibrating vocal folds
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International Phonetic Alphabet
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Are universal system of letters and symbols representing speech sounds
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Pharynx
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Also called the throat it is the membranous tube connecting the mouth and nasal cavity with the esophagus
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chiaroscuro
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Bright dark tonal characteristics of a dynamically coordinated and balanced voice
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