Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where di the first civilizations emerge from?
|
river valleys
|
|
What do epic poems teach?
|
legends, stories, and values about a civilization's history
|
|
What is the Sumerian writing system?
|
cuneiform
|
|
What is Sumer?
|
the first organized civilization to control Mesopotamia
|
|
What is a ziggurat?
|
temples from Sumer that cities were centered around
|
|
Who was the first civilization to spread their cultural diversity?
|
Sumer
|
|
Who was the first emperor of Mesopotamia and what was his significance?
|
Sargon; he built the first unified empire ( it failed because of internal problems and external invasions )
|
|
Who was the second power of mesopotamia?
|
Babylon
|
|
Who is Hammurabi?
|
King of Babylon; Hammurabi's code; goals were to make Babylon secure, unify Mesopotamia, and win a place in Mesopotamian civilization for Babylon
|
|
What is a civilization?
|
citizens join in political, economic, and social organizations where individuals commit to a larger community; ideas, customs, and institutions
|
|
What caused Mesopotamia to become a civilization?
|
development of agriculture
|
|
What does Mesopotamia mean?
|
land between two rivers
|
|
How did cuneiform evolve?
|
clay pictographs to ideograms to phonetic signs
|
|
Describe the religion of Mesopotamia
|
Polytheistic; anthropomorphic gods; gods must be respected or else they would flood the rivers
|
|
What were some of the natural resources of Egypt?
|
stone, clay, gold, timber
|
|
Who is the pharaoh?
|
An Egyptian monarch who controls every element of life in the society; virtually god
|
|
Who was the first pharaoh of Egypt?
|
Menes
|
|
What are the dynastic periods of Egypt?
|
Archaic, Old Kingdom, First Intermediate, Middle Kingdom, Second Intermediate, and New Kingdom
|
|
What happened during the Archaic period of Egypt?
|
the unification of Egypt occurred
|
|
What happened during the Old Kingdom period of Egypt?
|
the construction of the pyramids occurred
|
|
What happened during the First Intermediate period of Egypt?
|
political chaos occurred
|
|
What happened during the Middle Kingdom period of Egypt?
|
recovery and political stability occurred
|
|
What happened during the Second Intermediate period of Egypt?
|
the Hyksos invasion occurred
|
|
What happened during the New Kingdom period of Egypt?
|
the creation of the Egyptian Empire and Akhenaten's religion took place
|
|
Describe the religion of Egypt
|
polytheistic; pharaoh was considered to be the falcon-god, Horus; committed to serving the pharaoh
|
|
Which civilization had no slavery, no caste system, and no color bar ( for a long time ) ? Anyone could rise to power if they possessed skill
|
Egypt
|
|
What was the Egyptian language?
|
hieroglyphics ( developed after cuneiform ) ; hybrid language of pictures and lettering
|
|
Who were the Hyksos and what did they do? When did they arrive?
|
nomads looking for good land; they invaded and conquered Egypt; they introduced bronze-making and casting for tools; probably from Israel, arrived around 1800 B.C.
|
|
When did the pharaoh push out the Hyksos?
|
The New Kingdom ( 1570 B.C. )
|
|
When did the Egyptian mindset change ( isolation to imperialism ) ?
|
The New Kingdom
|
|
Who was Akhenaton and what did he do?
|
an Egyptian pharaoh; he changed the religion to monotheistic, but this was not supported by priests or commoners, so after he died the religion went back to polytheistic
|
|
Who was Ramses II and what did he do?
|
an Egyptian pharaoh; during his reign, Egypt enjoyed a Golden Age with great wealth, internal peace, and successfulness in combat; he built extravagant temples, statues, monuments, and palaces; after his death, Egypt failed to sustain itself as an empire
|
|
Who were the Sea Peoples?
|
the nomads of the sea whose attacks and plundering destroyed parts of Egypt and left it weak and vulnerable; around 1100 B.C.
|
|
Who were the Hittites?
|
a group of Indo-European people who settled in modern-day Turkey and has a constant conflict with Egypt; they eventually tied and created a very strong peace agreement; also devastated by Sea Peoples
|
|
Where did the Sea Peoples probably originate?
|
the coast of Lebanon
|
|
Who was Saul?
|
a Hebrew farmer who became a champion and a leader; he established a monarchy over the 12 Hebrew tribes; was not successful in defeating the Palestinians
|
|
Who was Solomon?
|
a Hebrew leader who created a nation out of collected tribes and divided it into 12 districts
|
|
Who was Abraham?
|
a Hebrew leader who was part of the Hapiru ( independent nomads ) ; father of Judaism; let his followers to settle in modern-day Israel
|
|
Who was Moses?
|
a Hebrew leader who was semi-mythical; leader of the Exodus; settled in Palestine and carved out a place
|
|
Who was King David?
|
a Hebrew leader who pushed out the Philistines; won Hebrews security and peace ( Solomon's dad )
|
|
When did the Israelites develop?
|
around 1000 B.C.
|
|
What were the three aspects of Judaism that were new among the Near East?
|
1. Monotheism
2. the jews were forbidden to represent Yahweh ( or anything that could be worshipped ) in sculpture or painting 3. Yahweh's name could not be spoken |
|
What is ethical monotheism?
|
Jewish; ethical expectations outlined by religion
|
|
What makes up the Hebrew Bible?
|
the Torah ( 1st 5 books ) and the Old Testament
|
|
What is the Covenant?
|
in Jewish religion, a promise/agreement between Yahweh and his people ( if they honored him, he would be just )
|
|
What are the Ten Commandments?
|
the stone carving of the expectations of Yahweh
|
|
Which religion does not have missionaries?
|
Judaism
|
|
Who does Yahweh make a promise with for the Promised Land?
|
Abraham
|
|
What are the three main ideas of the Ten Commandments?
|
I am supreme, honor and worship me, and act how you are expected to
|
|
When were the Assyrians established?
|
around 800 B.C.
|
|
What made Assyria militaristic?
|
war-like kings, aggressive and constantly fighting, conquered all old centers of power, very focused on conquering
|
|
Which civilization developed the concept of engineers?
|
Assyria
|
|
Who were the Chaldeans?
|
a group of new priests and kings that rose to power in Babylon during the Assyrian rule and led the outbreak; conquered Judah
|
|
The domestication of horses is unique to what civilization?
|
Persia
|
|
Who was Cyrus the Great?
|
a Persian emperor who defeated the Medes, freed the Jews to Palestine once again, conquered Lydia, Iran, Babylon, Mesopotamia, and Judah ( basically everything )
|
|
What is Zoroastrianism?
|
a religion prominent after Cyrus the Great's death; ancient and monotheistic; there were two gods, one was evil and one was good; people had to choose between one or the other
|
|
Who was Cambyses?
|
Cyrus the Great's son who continued his work and added to the empire
|
|
Who were Darius and Xerxes?
|
Persian leaders after Cambyses; carried Persian arms into India
|
|
How did the Persians maintain control over their empire even though it was so vast?
|
they divided it into Satraps ( basically districts ) that had a governor who would report
|
|
What was the Royal Road?
|
the main highway of communication for the Persians; how the king kept in touch with his subjects
|