Women's Studies

Sex is the biological categorization of persons, we are born with so called male or female genitalia.

Gender is a social classification based on socialized characteristics of men and women.

We are made up of various classifications and we fit into various social and personal categories to influence how we see ourselves and interact with others

Shorthand signalling intersectionality without listing specific differences. We fit into various social categories that influence our lives.

Its a way of thinking and upholding particular power structures that in our position allow men to be held higher than others.

Heteronormative patriarchy-not just male dominated or masculinist rule but also the enforcement of heterosexual norms to achieve that end.

the assumption that, for example, all women or all men or all individuals within a certain race/class share the same experiences and interests. And that there are certain norms for certain groups of people--can lead to orientalist views

Universal prescriptions means thinking things work the same everywhere or thinking the way things work where you're from will also work somewhere else. Very problematic, can lead to violence, colonialism etc.

Understanding that things operate differently in various cultures--sometimes could use this as an excuse to not think critically about things

Believing that your way is the best way

imposing behavioural norms onto people in relationships and asserting that couples should be male and female

Assuming everyone has the same experience, homonormativity is assuming that homosexual relationships are the same everywhere.

Male/female norms related to mens all holding power in society. Idealized form of structuring society in which powerful men control

Opposite of Orientalism, West is best, everything else is backwards and oriental. Europe is best. The spread of European beliefs and imperialism.

West is best, everything else is backwards and oriental. Placing strict stereotypes on countries of the "Orient" and grouping diverse peoples together. Often this also includes exocticising the culture and people.

Came out of WWII.

1st world was western countries who chose capitalism and democracy

2nd world was Soviet Union, Cuba etc. who chose Socialist routes

3rd world was everything else who often came up with their own form of governments that combined aspects of both or even played the 1st and 2nd world countries against each other

Nowadays it has become a classification for wealth but this was not the original meaning nor is it accurate

Developed are countries with developed economies and an establish governmental structure.

Developing are countries that are on their way to becoming developed but not quite there.--South Korea

China, India, Russia

Economies that are developing at a rate that they are almost developed

A way of splitting up the world, believed that the North is weather and more developed than the South

Used to describe unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps women and other minorities from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate, political etc. ladders regardless of their qualification so achievements. Its very sublet but very real

Describes the phenomenon of some in leadership roles, such as executives in the corporate world and women political section candidates being likelier than men to be put in leadership during periods of crisis or downturn when the chance of failure is highest

Includes gender discrimination, female domestic responsibilities and often women's own failure to believe in themselves. When women internalize oppressive stereotypes they typically hold themselves rather than social structures responsible for undesirable outcomes.

It is a theory of understanding of how people are trying to achieve power, they face a maze and don't know what they are going against, sometimes never ending.

: failure to take female contenders seriously until late in the campaign can give them an advantage. Ex, Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan

Relations between the groups of global organizations include states, inter-governmentla organizations, regional governments, regional Inter-Governmental Organizations, global market organizations and transnational NGOs

legally binding and written rule that you have to have a certain amount of a gender(usually female) in your company/government

Some South American countries

Similar to Legal Gender Quotas but it is voluntary and the party/company itself promises to uphold this commitment

Trudeau Government

State of being equal in positions in political parties. So have an equal number of men and women in a political party

Ex. Costa Rica

Required to have a certain number of possible electors be a gender. So you might be required to have at lest 30% of electors be female

Ex. Tunisia

Spread of crisis or idea. 111 countries have adopted some sort of gender quota by 2011

Groups of people that want equal representation of the genders, not just for women

Women in politics: not necessarily a feminist just because female, usually they are not. Ex. Margaret Thatcher.

Feminist politics: leaders bring feminist ideas and beliefs into their politics: -- reforming campaign finance, combating sexism in media, separation of church and state etc.

Ex. Barack Obama, Mary Robinson

Power Over: is competitive and aggressive towards others, one group that has power over others

Power With: is interdependent and cooperative, collective and relational power, working together