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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
describe the political philosophy of the enlightenment
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enlightenment ideas challenged governments that didn't grant full religeous freedom or that insisted on aristocratic privaledge
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what was the result of the population pressure in the eighteenth century?
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it drove many people into the working class
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what does protoindustrialization refer to?
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people who worked at home depended on urban merchants adn a capitalist system
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list some causes of the American Revolution
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taxes, trade controls, a desire to overthrow the older colonial leadership, trade restrictions, restriction on free movement into the frontier areas
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list some causes of the French Revolution
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enlightenment thinkers said they needed to limit the powers of the catholic church and the aristocracy, middle class demanded greater political representation, peasant desire for freedom from manorialism, rising power of the peasants
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name a lasting reform passed during the initial, moderate phase of the french revolution
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peasants were freed from manorialism
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what did the radical phase of the french revolution lead to?
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full scale attack on private property
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the final phase of the french revolution was ushered by the victory of ______
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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list some of the impacts of the french revolution on the rest of europe
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spread revolutionary legislation throughout western Europe encouraged popular nationalism outside of France, idea of equality under the law, attacks on the priviledged spread thoughout Europe, map of Europe was dramatically changed
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how did the peace conference at Vienna following the fall of France effect Europe?
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territorial adjustments kept Europe fairly stable for almost half a century
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which political group would have said the following statement, "As long as property is controlled by private individuals, inequality will exist. it is the role of the state to manage property for the benefit of all citizens."
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socialists
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what piece of legislation gave the vote to many members of the middle class in Great Britain?
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the reform bill of 1832
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name some of the causes of the beginning of the industrial revolution in Great Britain
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natural resources, strong capitol reserves from previous trade, the existence of a large peasant class, faith in human progress and human ability to dominate nature
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what was the contribution of American inventors to the Industrial Revolution?
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interchangeable parts
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list the economic changes brought about by the process of industrialization
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urbanization, factory system, mass marketing techniques, better transportation
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explain the social disruptions caused by the industrial revolution
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the rapid pace leads to the loss of traditional values of quality production
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how did the industrial revolution affect middle class women, traditionally active partners to merchants?
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stayed at home and took care of the kids
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list the activities most western governments encouraged during the industrial revolution
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construction of railways, technical fairs, education, factory construction
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after industrialization, a democratic transition occurred to a new system that promoted stable population levels though _____
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low birth and death rates
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by 1900 what proportion of the western population enjoyed conditions above the subsistence level?
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two thirds
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as industrialization spread,how did peasants in Europe improve their conditions?
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organized cooperative guilds, specializing in new cash crops, getting an education, aquiring technical skills
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describe conservative political strategies after 1850
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conservatives and liberals worked together to grant the appearance of constitutional reform, but retain aristocratic priviledge
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what British prime minister was responsible for extending the vote to working-class males in 1867?
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Benjamin Disraeli
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describe the political philosophy of Karl Marx
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early socialists theories were silly and unrealistic, history was shaped by the available means of production and who controlled them, revolution between working class and wealthy is inevitable, history is a struggle between owners adn workers
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socialist movements that proposed the possibility of gradual and peaceful change rather than revolution were called _____
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revolutionists
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describe the relationship between science and the arts in the later nineteenth century
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science continued the trend of traditional nationalism, art adopted theories of romanticism
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American exceptionism suggests that the United States ___________
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developed on its own terms with only incidintal contact with Europe
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Britain's Australian colonies originated in 1788 as _________
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penal (prisoner) settlements
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list the countries that were members of the Triple Entante
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Russia, Britain, Austria- Hungary
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who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development?
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Charles Darwin
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