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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Voltaire
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Wrote "Candide"
Spread philosophers' ideas in Europe |
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Hobbes
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Wrote "Levanthan"
People are born evil Social contract: gov't's job is to protect us |
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Locke
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"Treatises on Government"
Born "tabula rosa" Born with natural rights Social contract: is gov't fails in protecting us, we can begin our own gov't |
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Rousseau
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"Social Contract"
Born basically good Gov't's job is to provide happiness |
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Montesquieu
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"Spirit of Laws"
A gov't that is too centralized is corrupt; should be divided into LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, and JUDICIAL branches |
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Immanuel Kant
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"Critique of /Practical Reason/Pure Reason/Judgment"
Most influential philosopher of enlightenment |
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J.S. Bach
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Set classical standard
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Beethoven
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Longer, fewer symphonies
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Louis XVI
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Attempt to flee seen as turning point and begin of radical stage of revo.
Slow to accept reforms of N.A. |
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Marie Antoinette
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Tried to flee with Louis XVI
Hated for extravagance |
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Robespierre
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Led gov't in battling counterrevolution
Embraced Rousseau's idea of good will Tolerant Chief leader of Reign of Terror |
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Marat
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Helped launch Reign of Terror
Represented France at N.C. |
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Napoleon
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Bureaucratic Reforms
Reforms most of Europe Champion of Enlightenment Takes part in coup to overthrow F directore; delcared First Consul |
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Admiral Nelson
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Died at Battle of Trafalgar
Arguably nat'l hero of GB |
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Alexander I
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Represented Russia at Congress of Vienna
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Castereagh
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Represented England at Congress of Vienna
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Metternich
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Represented Austria at Congress of Vienna
Conservative system remained after his death Sought to supress revo. ideas Urged monarchs to opposed many freedoms |
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Hardenburg
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Represented Prussia at Congress of Vienna
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Tallyrand
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Represented France at Congress of Vienna
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Basic 4 Beliefs of the Enlightenment
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Religion (deism-"god is a clockmaker," , Cosmopolitan (Equality), Reason, Progress (Got to admit it's getting better, getting better all the time)
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Estates General
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Legislative assembly of different estates (classes/castes)
To prepare, Louis XVI had all 3 estates prepare cahiers of complaints Stressed over votine |
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National Assembly
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First step towards writing constitution: assemble issued Declaration of Rights...
Voted to take over and sell church lands to pay off debt Church under state control Limited monarchy Enlightenment supporterd applauded |
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Sans Coullotes
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Poorest members of third estate
Left-wing |
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The Directory
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5 men led
Middle class and bourgeoise dominated Weak but dictorial |
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The Committee of Public Safety
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Almost absolute power
Required all to contribute to preparation for war |
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Napoleon Battles: Egypt
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Strategically a failure
Rosetta Stone discovered |
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Napoleon Battles: Battle of Trafalgar
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First loss, to Admiral Nelson
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Napoleon Battles: Battle of Austerlitz
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Defeats Austria and Prussia
Makes France dominant power in Europe |
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Napoleon Battles: Battle of Jena
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Defeats Prussia
Ends Holy Roman Empire |
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Napoleon Battles: Peninsula War
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Invades Spain
Spanish fight guerlla war; France never fully conquers and eventually withdraws |
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Napoleon Battles: Invading Russia
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Overextends military; forced to abdicate
Sent to exile on island Elba (off Africa) |
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Napoleon Battles: Escaping from Exile
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Returns to France
Defeated at Waterloo (migraine) Sent to permanent exile on island of St. Helena |
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Napoleon France Reforms
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Highest taxes, stopped corruption, employment, schools, laws, bank of France, large draft
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Napoleon Conquered Countries Reforms
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Written constitution, freedom of religion, middle class employment, male property owners had right to vote, improved infrastructure, abolished feudalism, reformed bureaucracies and judicial systems
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Congress of Vienna Outcomes
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Restoration of monarchies, France lost only a little territory, created balance of power in Europe
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Revolution of 1848
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Discontent was hightened by recession; rebellions blocked Paris; Louis Napoleon created second republic; 'here and there' changes
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Sonata Style
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Primary melody, Transition, Secondary melody, Klosing
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Concerto
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Sole instrument
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Symphony
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*Beethoven*
Extended orchestrael composition commonly with four movements |
