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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What contributions did the Seafaring TRADERS MAKE TO SOCIETY?
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-READING AND WRITING
- A FORM OF THE ALPHABET WE USE TODAY |
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MINOANS
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-POWERFUL SEAFARING TRADERS THAT LIVED IN AN ISLAND OF CRETE IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE AEGEAN SEA, CLOSE TO THE E. MEDITERRANEAN
-3000 to 1100 BC - KNOWN AS THE CIVILIZATION OF "BRONZE AGE CRETE" |
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AEGEAN SEA
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SEA THAT DIVIDES ANATOLIA AND GREECE -
- CRETE IS IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF IT |
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KNOSSOS
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MINOAN CAPITAL CITY
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KING MINOS
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- king who owned a monster that was 1/2 bull and 1/2 person
- the city of Minoa was named after him |
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PHOENICIANS
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- Came after the Minoans/Crete's decline
- powerful traders in Med. - today known as Lebanon - organized as not 1 country; various city-states -good seafarers/shipbuilders - 1st people to go through the Straight of Gibraltar |
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WHAT IDEAS DID THE TRADERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BRING TO THE MEDITERREAN AREA?
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- WRITING WAYS
- WORSHIPING OF GODS - GOVERNING |
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WHAT WAS KNOWN AS THE STEPPING STONE IN THE MEDITTERANEAN WORLD?
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CRETE - B/C OF LOTS OF TRADE FROM THERE -
- CULTURE TRADE -ART TRADE - ARCHITECTURE TRADE |
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HOW DID THE MINOAN CULTURE END?
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1ST SEVERAL EARTHQUAKES, THEN A HUGE VOLCANO HIT NEARBY THERA AND CREATED A HUGE TIDAL WAVE AND LOTS OF VOLCANIC ASHES THAT LANDED ON THE ISLAND.
- THEY NEVER FULLY RECOVERED -AND GOT INVADED |
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what were the most imp. city states in Phoenician Society?
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- Sidon
- Tyre -Byblos ** These were big trading centers** |
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what colony did Phoenician settlers from Tyre found?
- where? |
- found Carthadge
- became their biggest colony - In NOrth Africa |
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Why did the Phoenicians develop a writing sys?
How was their writing system? |
- b/c they needed a way to record transactions when they traded
- writing symbols represented sounds |
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What did traders do to cross the Arabian Sea?
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they used monsoon winds to help them sail
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which of the achievements was the most imp and why?
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- the writing system that helped them write and record all their transactions. Had a phoenetic alphabet. Their language transported to Greek which eventually lead to English.
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what did the excavations at Knosos reveal about Minoan culture?
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- they must have been peaceful people - b/c there were no fortification
- they were an advanced and thriving culture - told by the paintings that showed how they lived - lots of people doing sports - they loved sports. |
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where did the Phoenicians settle and trade?
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settled in present day Lebanon and traded out of the city states of Byblos, Tyren and Sydon.
- They traded with all the nighboring countries in the Mediterranean Sea. |
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Who influenced the Phoenicians?
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the Simarian and Akadian cultures
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When were the Phoenicians independent from Egypt?
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1200 BC
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What did the Phoenicians invent?
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Purple dye - produced in Sidon and Tyre
glass |
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What was Minoan culture characterized by?
What did the city look like? |
-dominance of large PALACES that acted as adminsitrative, agriculturals and religious centers
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what language did the Minoans use?
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unknown
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what was the largest Minoan palace?
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Palace of Minos
- close to N coast of Crete - in the fertile valley |
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Did the Phoenicians consider themselves a single state?
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yes - but they were a combination of city states
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When and where did the Phoenicians found their first settlements?
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2500 BC in Mediterranean Coast
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Explain the process by which the Phoenicians became dominated by different civilizations?
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-
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Provide the time and date of the dominant civilizations?
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- Egyptians - 1800BC
- Hittites - 1400BC - Independent from Egypt - 1200BC -Assyrian - 800BC -Chaldean - 538BC -Persian - - |
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What was Phoenician religion like?
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-their pantheistic religion
- each city had special deity known as Baal (LORD) - the temples were always the center of civil life |
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what were the phoenicians called in the old Testament?
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the Sidonians
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why did the Phoenicians became notable traders and rulers?
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b/c they were excellent shipbuilders and adventourous sailors - known all over the world for their skills
- traveled everywhere (Africa, Europe, Asia) - other areas wanted to hire their sailors |
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how did they consolidate a powerful trading network?
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-they established colonies through the Med. coast
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Name the Empire that finally conquered the Phoenician civilization
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The Persians
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4 imp Phoenicians contributions:
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1)alphabet
2)purple dye 3)glass 4)shibuilding |
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did the Phoenicians have a centralized religion?
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No - they had a pantheistic religion, where each city had their own baal
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Who did the Minoan people trade with?
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Near East and Egypt, Aigina (where pottery was found)
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Why do you think the Minoans devoted to trade and not to farming? Did the geographic setting play an important role in their way of living?
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- perfect location for trading - in the Mediterranean Sea
- they were very artistic and could sell all the pottery, paintings and art they made. |
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Explain the extraordinary location of the palace of Minos at Knossos.
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in the fertile valley near the coats where there was supply for fresh water, wood and stone
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Describe the kind of rooms that were part of this ancient palace.
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many rooms: store rooms, worskshop rooms, shrines, archives, sleeping rooms
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DESCRIBE THE MINOANS - HOW WHERE THEY?
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- -Traded pottery
- very artistic-palaces -lots of pottery -peaceful people -played many sports -loved nature -women were imp. -human sacrifices |
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WHAT COUNTRY WAS INFLUENCED HEAVILY BY THE MINOAN CULTURE?
( A COUNTRY NEAR BY) |
GREECE
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WHAT DID THE PHOENICIAN PEOPLE TRADE?
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- their great crafts on wood,metal, glsas
- their purple dye - cedar |
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If the Phoenicians had an Alphabet, why do we know very little from them today?
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b/c most of their papyrus that they wrote in got destroyed.
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what do the researchers in Lebanon want to uncover?
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-wether the current people there were decendants of Phoenicians
- whether the current Christians or current Muslims came from the Phoenicians? - whether the Sea Peoples had anything to do with the Phoenicians? Where they their ancestors? |
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What did the researchers uncover?
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-that many of the current sailors in Leabanon have the same chromosone as the Phoenicians did.
-proves that YES phoenicians are their ancestors - no difference b/n catholic and muslims (both came from Phoenicians as both had the DNA chromosone) - didn't come from Sea Peoples |
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Who do historians sometimes refer to as Canananites?
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the Phoenicians
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symbol of modern day Lebanon
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cedar - they have lots of cedar that they export
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how did the Phoenicians influence Greece and even lead to the Greek's Golden Ages?
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the Phoenicians were cultural middlemen - they spread their culture, their art, their architecture, their ideas
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WHAT DID THE PHOENICIANS IMPORT MAINLY FROM EGYPT?
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PAPYRUS -
GREEKS GAVE THE NAME BIBLE TO THEIR ANCIENT BOOK AS MUCH WAS IMPORTED FROM BYBLOS |
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WHERE DID THE PURPLE DYE COME FROM?
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FROM THE MUREX MOLLUSK IN THE SEA
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WHAT DO RESEARCHERS STUDY TODAY TO LEARN ABOUT THE PHOENICIAN AND HOW THEY TRADED AND BECAME SO POPULAR?
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THEY STUDY THEIR SHIPS - HOW THEY WERE BUILT,
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WHAT ARE THE PUNIC WARS?
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-WARS B/N ROME AND CARTHADGE WHICH ENDED CARTHADGE
- ROME BURN CARTHADGE - THE ROMANS CALLED THE PHOENICIANS - THE PUNICS |