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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitis Vinifera |
The main Eurasian vine species used in winemaking Between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties |
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Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis berlandieri |
Vine species native to North America Resistant to Phylloxera Used to provide root systems onto which V. vinifera is grafted |
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Shoots |
New wood growth produced on a vine each year |
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Nodes |
Regularly spaced bumps along the shoot from which which either a leaf and flower or a leaf and tendril will grow. |
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Leaves |
The plant's engine Responsible for photosynthesis |
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Photosynthesis |
Process by which plants use chlorophyll and energy from sunlight to covert water and carbon dioxide to glucose and oxygen |
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Main purposes of glucose |
1. The vine can combine small glucose molecules to create larger carbohydrates which are used to build pant structures 2. Energy stored in glucose can be released when needed for certain living processes 3. Glucose is concentrated in the fruit to make them attractive to animals in order to propogate the seeds |
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Tendrils |
Structure that vines use to sense and attach themselves to supports (trellis wire) to keep the shoot upright |
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Flowers |
The vine's reproductive organs The flowers are hermaphrodite and are grouped in bunches called inflorescences. Successfully pollinated flowers will become a berry so inflorescences become a bunch of grapes. |
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Buds |
Embryonic shoots that form between the leaves and shoots. They mature all year during the growing season Contains all the structures that will become new shoots, leaves, flowers, and tendrils |
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One Year Old Wood (Year Wood) |
Shoots turn woody in the winter, the following spring they become one year old wood, and the buds that formed the previous year grow into shoots. Every winter when the vine is pruned, the one year old wood will be called canes or spurs depending on how many buds it has left. |
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Cane |
A cane is one year old wood that is long with eight to fifteen buds |
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Spur |
A spur is one year old wood that is short and has only two to three buds |
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Permanent Wood |
Wood that is more than one year old including the trunk and arms (cordons) of the vine Some carbohydrate reserves are stored in the permanent wood during the winter to fuel initial shoot growth until the leaves grow (especially important in areas with a cool, slow start to the growing season) |
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The Roots |
Function to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, anchor the vine, and store carbohydrates to allow the vine to survive the winter. V. vinifera roots are susceptible to Phylloxera which is why these vines are generally grafted onto other root system species. |
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Ways that grape varieties can differ |
-color -composition -flavor -how well they can ripen in different environments -tolerance to pests/diseases -size of yields |
