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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Millipedes
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Arthropoda, Uniramia, Diplopoda
scavengers, two pairs of legs |
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can produce silk
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arachnids, insects
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filter feeders as adults
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crustaceans
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adaptations for life in water
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crustaceans
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crustacians
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two pairs antennae
ventral nerve cord |
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barnacles
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dioecious, sessile, filter feeders
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ticks
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no mandibles
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greatly reduced dermal ossicles
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sea cucumbers
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calcarious plates in connective tissue of echinoderms
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dermal ossicle
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sea urchins
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skeleton called test
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ticks and mites
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arachnids
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scorpions
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dioecious, internal fertilization, live young
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arthropod with no antennae
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spiders (arachnids)
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most numerous primary consumers in aquatic systems
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copepods
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most numerous arthropods
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insects
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human body lice
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insecta, arthropoda
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centipedes
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predators, one pair of legs, chilopoda
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starfish
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asteroidea
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aristotle's lantern
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echinoidea
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sea lillies and feather stars
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crinoidea
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present in asteroidea
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tube feet, pedicellariae
NO test or oral tentacles |
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crinoid habitat
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marine
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not present in sea cucumbers
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pedicellariae
PRESENT: nervous system, oral tentacles, tube feet, muscles |
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present in echinoidea
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aristotle's lantern
test tube feet |
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present in starfish
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coelom
dermal ossicles tube feet |
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leeches
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hermaphoditic, secret hurdin
have a larval stage |
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annelids
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bilateral symmetry
complete digestive system closed circulatory system |
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annelid evolution
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Polychaetes are most primitive. Oligochaetes evolved from freshwater polychaetes. hirundea evolved from freshwater oligochaetes.
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oligochaetes
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have no larval stage
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commercial pearls
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Class Bivalvia
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ink glands and water jets
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Cephalopoda
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annelids
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have metamerism
have coelom NOT diploblastic |
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oligochaetes
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monoecious
have clitellum |
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mantle cavity
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gills in most molluscs
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bivalvia
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have two shells
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cephalopoda
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only some have external shell
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gastopoda
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garden slug
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cephalopoda
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octopus
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mollusca
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radula usually present
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cephalopoda
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best developed invertebrate eyes
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radula
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tongue-like structure in molluscs
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cephalopoda
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foot is modified into tentacles with suction cups
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crabs
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have biramous appendages
have ten legs |
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crayfish
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have ventral nerve cord
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coelom
segmented body |
present in arthropods
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sea stars and sea urchins
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echinoderms with pedicellariae
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excretory system
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not present in echinoderms
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monoecious
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class turbellaria
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mouth
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undigested food in planaria eliminated through...
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trematoda
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fluke class
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miracidium
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fluke larvae, leave first immediate host
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platyhelminthes
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flatworm phylum
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bird fluke
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cercarial dermatitis (swimmers itch) from what kind of fluke
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tapeworms
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do not have a mouth
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chinese liver flukes
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first immediate host is snail
definitive host is human |
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human
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definitive host of pork tapeworm
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aquatic plant
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second immediate host of sheep liver fluke
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advantage of sexual reproduction
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recombination produce novel genotypes for adaptation
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phagocytosis
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protozoan ingestive heterotrophs take in nutrients by...
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euglena
trypanosoma |
flagellated protozoa
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protozoa
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some have skeletons
marine forms are isotonic with sea water |
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ciliated protozoan
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paramecium
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sporozoan protozoan
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plasmodium
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ingestive heterotrophs
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holozoic
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sponges
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filter feeders
aquatic NOT bilaterally symmetrical |
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acchaeocyte cells
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mesohyal cells of sponges that are specialized for reproduction, food storage, and secreting skeleton
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choanocyte cells
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primary feeding cells of sponges
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choanocytes and archaeocytes
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sponge cells that produce eggs and sperm
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flagellated spongocoels
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asconoid sponges
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snails, flatworms, and roundworms (NOT jellyfish and sponges)
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triploblastic
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multicellular
diploblastic |
jellyfish are...
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polyp
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sea anemone stage that reproduces sexually
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sea anenome
coral |
has gastrovascular cavity
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cnidocyte
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jellyfish cell with nematocysts
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hydrozoa
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portuguese-man-of-war class
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cubozoa and scyphozoa
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medusa stage is predominant form for these classes
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symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae
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cause of coral bleaching
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ctenophora
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comb jellies phylum
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comb jellies
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no nematocysts
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roundworms that cause elaphantiasis
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roundworms
live in lymphatic system transmited by humans cause... |
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phylogenetic systematic view of evolutionary taxonomy (cladistics)
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accepts monophyletic groupings
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Evolutionary systematic view of evolutionary taxonomy (traditional)
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uses common descent and amounts of evolutionary change in recognizing higher taxa
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synapomorphy
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derived characteristic shared by members of a clade
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fission and budding
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examples of asexual reproduction
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tapeworms
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DO NOT have a mouth
NOT dioecious DO require immediate host |
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nematoda
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roundworm phylum
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New World hookworm
Giant Intestinal Roundworm |
nematodes that spend part of their life in human lungs
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human pinworm
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adults live in large intestine of humans
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cook all pork
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to avoid being infected by trichina roundworm
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psuedocoelom, dioecious
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characteristics of roundworms
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renette cells
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responsible for osmoregulation in roundworms
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some are oviparous
some are ovoviviparous |
reproduction in roundworms
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also called filarial worms
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also called heartworms
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type of genetic drift
size of large pop is decreased to only a few individuals |
bottleneck effect
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homozygous
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both alleles on a pair of chromosomes at a certain locus are identical
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phyletic gradualism (rate of speciation)
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genetic change occurs gradualy over millions of years
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Carolus Linnaeus
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developer of hierarchial classification system
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macroevolution
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level of evolutionary changes that result in new species
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ingestive heterotroph
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obtains energy by eating other organisms
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Kingdom Monera
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Kingdom that includes bacteria
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histology
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study of tissues
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ichthyology
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study of fish
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mammalogy
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study of mammals
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charles darwin
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wrote origin of species
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eukaryotic
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cells with a nucleus
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ethology
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study of behavior
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population
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group of interbreeding organisms of same species in particular space
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genetic drift
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cange in frequency of alleles in a pop due to chance
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coelomate
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body cavity is lined with mesodermal peritonium
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deuterostome development
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Mouth DOES NOT develop from blastopore
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Porifera
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name of a phylum
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evolution will occur if...
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small pop size
mutations occur |
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Phylum Chordata
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deuterostomes(anus from blastopore)
radial cleavage |
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echinodermata (and chordata)
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phylum with radial cleavage
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stabilizing
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type of natural selection most important for animals already adapted
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allopatric speciation
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when subpops become isolated and evolve different characteristics
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diploblastic phylums
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Porifera-sponges
cnidaria-jellyfish |
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included in kingdom protista
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algae and slime molds
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a postmating reproductive isolating mechanism
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sperm can't fertilize eggs
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ZOOL 1604
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Final is worth 150 points
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evidence of evolution according to evolutionary biologists
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paleontology
comparative anatomy biogeography molecular biology |
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Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
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DOES NOT state that evolution always occurs
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Protostomia
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mouth develops from the blastopore
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Kingdom Fungi
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organisms in this kingdom are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs
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Protista
Plantae Fungi Animalia |
includes multicellular organisms
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Cnidaria
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has gastovascular cavity instead of digestive tract
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porifera and platyhelminthes
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are acoelomates
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Phylogenic species concept
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even pops that differ in very minor characteristics will be considered a species
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biological species concept
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doesn't cover axexual organisms
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postmating reproductive isolating mechanism
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hybrids are sterile
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sympatric speciation
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occurs within single pop
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the study of hormones
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NOT entomology (endocrinology)
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punctuated equilibrium
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NOT evolutionary change over millions of years
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outward appearance of individual
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phenotype
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study of past geological periods through fossil remains
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paleontology
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allele
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the term for different forms of the same gene that occupy the same locus on a pair of chromosomes
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tropical fish
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poikilothermic and ectothermic
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supracoracoideus muscle
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raises wing, on ventral side
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salt glands to rid selves of excess salt
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why birds can drink sea water
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all genes in pop
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gene pool
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NOT included in evolutionary theory
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hardy-wienberg
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common descent
multiplication of species perpetual change gradualism natural selection |
included in evolutionary theory
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Cnidaria
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radially symmetric
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sexually, asexually, budding reproduction
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sponges (cnidaria)
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premating isolating techniques
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different songs of songbird species, reproductive parts don't fit together
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all organisms of phylum chordata have
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notochord
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subphylum cephalochordata
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has all four chordate traits through life
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four chordate traits
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notochord
dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal pouches and gill slits postanal tail |
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neotony
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reproduce in juvenile stage
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shark scales
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placoid
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allowed elasmobranchs to get off the sea floor
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heterocercal tail
oil-filled livers cartiligious skeleton |
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bony fish characteristics
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swim bladder
homocercal tail usually have bones lobed fins can walk on bottom |
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significance of porifera
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multicellular, specialized cells
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catadromous fish
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migrate to sea to spawn
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migrate to freshwater to spawn
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anadromous fish
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amphibians...
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tetrapod that still needs water to breed
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Kingdom Protista
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catch-all kingdom, contains resemblances of fungi, plants, and animals
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external, in water
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amphibian fertilization
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oviparous reptiles
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lay eggs on land
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NOT true of squamata
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some have a carapace
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vertebrate blood cells (except mammals)
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nucleated blood cells
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most birds
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have internal fertilization
(NOT 'fly', or 'precocial' young) |
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bird lungs
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expand upon exhalation
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Cnidarian stages
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polyp and medusa
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class Anthazoa stages
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only polyp
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altricial development in birds
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eyes don't open until well after hatching
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mammals in Monotremata
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mammals that lay eggs
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geographical formations that enhance the study of evolution
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mountains
oceans islands |
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fossils include...
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skeletal remains
mineralized poo frozen creatures |
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site of final digestion in scyphozoa(jellyfish)
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cell level
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phylum platyhelminthes
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flatworm phylum
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spreads filarial worms
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mosquitoes spread...
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roundworm
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triploblastic, billaterally symmetrical, unsegmented, psuedocoelomate, complete digestive tract
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jellyfish
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aquatic, mostly marine, gastrovascular cavity, radial symmetry
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phylum annelida significance
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metamerism
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oligochaete sexuality
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monoecious
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Echinoderm frequency
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phylum of common regeneration
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sea urchin characteristics
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tube feet
pedicellariae test spines |
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kingdom monera (bacteria)
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prokaryotic organisms
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cleavage of invertebrates
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spiral cleavage (who)
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mouth develops from blastopore
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protostomia
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adult anurians respire...
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respiration with lungs AND cutaneously
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scientific theory
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has never been disproved
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salmon are...
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anadromous
assume breeding form aggressive males during breeding |