Bromine

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INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the stereochemistry of the electrophilic addition using (E)-Stilbene, a trans-isomer of ethylene. Bromine was added and reacted with (E)-Stilbene to form an alkene. A product was made with both a meso-stilbene dibromide and a d/l-stilbene dibromide, which is trans-stilbene dibromide. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION For the reaction to form these two different compounds with the same starting reactants, the double bond of (E)-Stilbene…

acid-catalyzed elimination of water for the synthesis of cyclohexane from cyclohexanol. To get cyclohexane from cyclohexanol you must remove the cycloalkane with fractional distillation, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and analyzed by GC data and the bromine test. The reaction we are trying to accomplish going from cyclohexanol to cyclohexene is a secondary alcohol going through an E1 reaction. This is the unimolecular elimination reaction in which Zaitsev’s rule applies where the…

Analysis: A1 vs. E1: Solubility with water (H2O) This test consists of two hydrocarbons, a cyclohexane and a cyclohexene, being added to water to test their solubility. Both the cyclohexane and cyclohexene reacted the same way after the water water was applied. Each chemical stayed afloat of the water although the physical/qualitative properties remained unchanged. The insoluble nature of the results in this test can be explained through the “like dissolves like” notion, where only polar…

it with potassium bromate. An oxidation reaction takes place with ascorbic acid to produce dehydroascorbic acid, using an excess of bromine. The total amount of bromine utilized during the experiment is determined utilizing a back titration, in which the bromine is reacted with bromate. One mole of bromate produces three moles of bromine and the excess amount of bromine is determined by converting an excess of I- to I2, with potassium iodine, in which iodine is determined using a back titration.…

Hydrogen peroxide and hydrobromic acid are also utilized to generate bromine in situ through an oxidation reaction, and thus this process provides a safer alternative to bromine. As a result, potential accidents in the lab and pollution are minimized; these advantages are associated with two additional principles of green chemistry.1 Additionally, the use of bromine in the halogenation reaction, in comparison to chlorine, also promotes a green reaction because bromination…

Dehydrobromination of meso-Stilbene Dibromide Introduction This procedure was performed in order to synthesize an alkyne from meso-stilbene dibromide through double dehydrohalogenation. The removal of the two bromine and two hydrogen atoms allows for the formation of the carbon triple bond and thus the formation of an alkyne. The alkyne formed is diphenylacetylene. Data and Results The melting point of the product was measured to be between 60C and 62C. The actual melting point of…

observed that the reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous alkali and water which contains dissolved silver nitrate. Halogenoalkanes are alkanes which have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) which are the elements in group 7 in periodic table. Halogenoalkanes have the general formula, RX, whereby R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is any of the halogen atom. Besides, halogenoalkanes can also be…

step, thus a multi-step process was used to produce the alkyne. First, bromination of stilbene through the electrophilic addition of bromine to the double bond was performed through an SN2 reaction, as outlined in Figure 3. Pyridinium tribromide, the source of bromine, since elemental bromine is too corrosive and hazardous, was generated in situ (Figure 1). The bromine was added across the double bond and attacked through the backside, anti-relative to the other bromide. This mechanism produced…

This experiment was performed in order to demonstrate the principles of nitration through electrophilic aromatic substitution. It also examined the effects of bromine on an aromatic ring, ortho-para vs. meso directing. The second experiment was performed to compare the reaction rates of electrophilic aromatic bromination with different arenes. Data and Results In the gas chromatogram, there are two large peaks. The first peak at 0.653 minutes with an area of 133,352 uV per second, 31.95% of…