Molecular biology

DNA sequencing (Sanger to NGS) Introduction: The DNA sequencing methods have quickly evaluated for the forty last years and their finding was joined by breakthroughs in the field of Molecular biology (1). The first efficient method to sequencing DNA was found by F.Sanger in 1977 (2). But the huge desire to sequencing genomes required faster methods and many improvements were made. Fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis and microarrays led to a new way for sequencing genes : the Next Generation…

Paul Berg’s method for inserting foreign genetic information into DNA of SV40 was truly a paradigm shift. No longer was the study of molecular biology purely observational, Dr. Berg’s discovery gave scientist the traction to synthetically modify and transduce foreign DNA into a desired host. Because of this, not much was known about this type of genomic modification. Except for the knowledge…

experiments on white blood cells showed that the nuclein dissolved in weak alkalies but not in water and acids. Later studies demonstrated that all living organisms have DNA and that any kinds of cell such as hair, skin, or plant cells all have DNA. Plenty of research and experimentation went into solving the structure of DNA and the invention of paper chromatography allowed Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) to make a contribution in establishing the structure of DNA and how it transmitted genetic…

Aspergillus nidulans: One of the lesser known pathogen of the aspergilli group, A. nidulans is a model filamentous fungus widely used for studying eukaryotic cell biology (Galagan et al., 2005). A. nidulans possesses a phospholipid-hydrolyzing novel cPLA2 protein, PlaA, which shows maximum similarity to mammalian-type cPLA2 proteins (α, β, γ) (Hong et al., 2005). Like the three isoforms of human cPLA2 proteins, A. nidulans PlaA also consists of two separate catalytic domainsA and B, and…

Current molecular biology is being done by analyzing damaged DNA and by applying RNA techniques to forensics. Research is now being done with establishing useful markers on the Y chromosome. These markers on the Y chromosome would be especially helpful in sexual assault…

scientist. Over the years of my life and educational career, I have accumulated great interest in science and its relations with all aspects of life. Since junior high school, my interest and passion for biology and chemistry has grown stronger as years go by. Studying life processes in molecular terms…

Suppose we have a certain segment of a DNA molecule ,a gene for example that we want to amplify ,that is make many identical copies of that gene of interest, one way is to basically take that gene to integrate it into a bacterial plasmid to place that recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell and to allow that bacterial cell to divide many times and eventually make many copies of that gene of interest. The problem with this particular method is that it is not only time consuming and not only is…

very long and tiny. Luckily there has been many advancements in DNA technology that have made working with DNA much easier. Especially in the tools and techniques used for reading and handling the DNA code. PCR is a biochemical technology in molecular biology used to increase a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several scales generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA.…

References: Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences. “Week 8 (lab 7) – Bacterial Transformation. “Biology 281 Conceptual Approaches to Biology for Majors I. 2nd ed. Plymouth: Hayden- McNeil, 2015.42.Print "Bacterial Transformation." Bacterial Transformation. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2014. JoVE Science Education Database. Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. Bacterial Transformation: The Heat Shock Method. JoVE, Cambridge, MA, doi: 10.3791/5059 (2014). "Transformation…

a replication origin, a DNA marker, and a multiple cloning site, which are sufficient for the plasmid to replicate itself and help the transformed cell to exhibit characteristics indicating successful transformation, such as drug resistance (Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual). In order for the plasmid vector to enter the bacterial cell, the cell must be competent. A common method of increasing cell competency is heat shock, which increases the permeability of…