Multicellular organism

reproduction of the organism that is most likely to thrive. Sexual reproduction takes the DNA from both the male and the female and passes it down to the offspring. In this passing of DNA, mutations are normally expected. These mutations can be positive or negative to the survival of the organism. Sometimes the mutations do not affect the organism positively or harmfully at all. However the organisms that inherit the mutation that enhances their ability for survival, are the organisms that are…

Genetic Engineering is the modification of an organism 's genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. With this new, rapidly growing, technology we are now able to do things that we once thought were impossible. In Ethics and the New Genetics, the Dalai Lama addresses problems that we need to consider as we continue to explore this microscopic world that we have…

The aim of the data analysis exercise was to determine genetic relationships between the HSP70 amino acid chains of fourteen different organisms. The data produced was an identification table, a sequence alignment diagram and a cladogram. In cladograms the branches are not representative of the evolutionary time that has occurred. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are in a class of proteins called molecular chaperones. (Kiang, J.; G, Tsokos. 1998). They are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes,…

Safety in the science classroom involves weighing the potential risk factors of an experiment against the educational value, teacher and student should have a full understanding all the potential hazards of the materials, the experiment, and the equipment used. Safety concerns and potential hazards should be addressed prior to engaging in any laboratory activity and documented in the lesson plan. Students should be aware of the emergency contact sheet with phone numbers that is attached to the…

Without biodiversity, how different would the world be? Biodiversity is arguably the basis for all living things. Without it, many experts believe that there would be no living organisms on the Earth. Biodiversity is the variety in all living organisms in certain ecosystems or habitats. Sustainability can be defined as meeting the needs of the current generation without risking the needs that the future generations will need. Without biodiversity, sustainability would not be possible whatsoever.…

as “living” “together.” Constrantin Mereschkowsky, known as the founding father of the theory of endosymbiosis, was one of people who started the concept of endosymbiosis, although he had called it “symbiogenesis,” defining it as: “the origin of organisms through the combination and unification of two or many beings entering into symbiosis.” The Encyclopedia Britannica defines endosymbiosis as a theory in which modern organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are descended from bacteria…

can something be before it can no longer be considered alive? Ever since the discovery of nano-sized particles called “nanobacteria” or “nanobes”, researchers have been scrambling to unravel and analyze the mysterious functions of these purported organisms. Their existence has raised many controversial questions, including whether or they are alive. Some experts claim nanobes are simply too small to be life forms, while others assert that nanobes are most certainly alive. Although the evidence…

What is Gene therapy? Gene therapy is the process of supplementing or replacing a gene in order to treat a medical condition. This type of therapy allows the body to make the protein that is not being made by the missing or malfunctioning gene. Introduction of new genes through vectors overrides the malfunctioning gene and contributes to normal functioning of the body. The process begins when the modified DNA is inserted into a virus vector. Then, the vector binds to the cell membrane. After the…

endangered species then we could stop the world from going into chaos. Endangered species have a huge impact on the world and if they go extinct it can mess up everything. “Endangered species does not just refer to wildlife but rather any living organism whether in the air, in the sea, within the ground or roaming about the earth” (ProQuest Staff). There has been a lot of animals and plants on the endangered species list but only some animals make the list. To make the list the U.S. Fish and…

internalize particles (>0.5um) whereas internalization of fluids through micropinocytosis mechanisms or solute into vesicles for size less than (<0.5) Phagocytosis is a ubiquitous process throughout nature. The behavior can be observed in unicellular organisms like amoeba using phagocytosis to obtain nutrients. Similarly, for vertebrates phagocytosis is an efficient method used by phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils to uptake, eliminate pathogens and…