Multicellular organism

Animal Testing There has been a long debate on whether animal should be used as a main source of testing Animals have been experimented and tested on for centuries. People came up with the idea that if they were unsure how a substance or compound would react on them, they started to use the same chemical on animal to see the results. They would then compare the results with the humans once they were used as test subjects. Animals have proven to be a source for testing since they have similar…

1953 and the cracking of the genetic code in 1966. Denise Caruso of the Hybrid Vigor Institute in a 2008 essay stated that synthetic biology ‘bioengineers’ use biobricks “an inventory of parts…” can be used to “assemble and programmed to compel organisms to operate in specific ways” or create “custom chemicals that can later be ‘harvested’ from cells and sold” (1). A very compelling statement for an opening of the paper, but most people will generally focus on the last five words of that…

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Since time immemorial microorganisms have played a significant role in the life of mankind owing to the production of the myriad enzymes and secondary compounds that they synthesize (Demain 1981). These micro organism live in a highly diverse environment ranging from hot springs to deep ocean sediments. In the hyper diverse environment where one can find a specialized and unique biological niche is the intracellular space between cells of higher plants acts as suite and…

genes in the cell’s DNA, which are expressed. It is utilize to form a functional manufacture for an example protein. Various cells in a multi cellular organism might express very difficult group of genes. Although, they consist the similar DNA. Human having over ten thousands of genes in their genome. Cells are expressed the all genes. Even an organism as simple as bacterium must carefully regulate gene expression. Ensuring that the right genes are expressed at the correct time. Mechanisms cells…

1.Introduction Venom is an general expression indicating to different forms of toxins secreted naturally by living organisms: microbes, plants, or animals.; these animals have developed their behaviors as defense mechanisms or to help them hunt for food by using their venom , or they can be produced synthetically .Toxin acts through two mechanisms either by effecting nervous system or by damaging tissues or organs (Franz et al., 1997). Animal venoms are complicated natural sources of…

blend of two individual terms Biology and Technology. As the name proposes "It is the get together of innovation in study of science". Biotechnology is the act of utilizing plants, creatures and small scale living beings, for example, microscopic organisms and in addition natural procedures. Biotechnology is additionally utilized as a part of industry, prescription and agribusiness to deliver sustenances, drugs test for illnesses and expel squander. It can likewise be utilized to tackle issues…

another due to location, organisms present, and balances or imbalances. Productive ponds rely on a variety of different factors that determine the overall productivity of the given ecosystem. The organisms that live in the pond will determine the majority of the overall quality of the ecosystem. Every ecosystem has a food chain, at the bottom of a ponds food chain are microscopic organisms; a.k.a. plankton, algae, or insect larvae. Many smaller and or microscopic organisms rely on them…

DNA is our genetic code, it is permanent and unchangeable. Epigenetics are the mechanisms that influence DNA, it is the device that inhibits or increases our gene expression. Epigenetics can be influenced by many factors, for example nutrition and stress. Although the actual makeup of our genetic code isn’t changed by these factors, the extent to which the genes are expressed can be (Rettner, 2013). Epigeneticist Moshe Szyf highlighted the ways in which different behaviors can influence…

swarm intelligence MARIAPPAN J Ramesh G.J National engineering college, kovilpatti National engineering college, kovilpatti 3rd year CSE 3rd year CSE mariappanjeyachandran@gmail.com rameshram.gj@gmail.com +91 8056575142 +91 9500985506 Introduction: A swarm is a large number of homogenous, simple agents interacting locally among themselves, and their environment, with no central control to allow a global…

1.1 Biodiversity- Meaning and Importance According to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD)- Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from which all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems themselves. Floristic diversity refers to the variety and variability of plants in a region. Floristic structure is…