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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
A(n) ___ is a group of similar cells and their surrounding materials performing specific functons.
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tissue
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The sum of all of the body's chemical processes is ___. It consists of two parts: the phase that builds up new substances is ___, and the phase that breaks down substances is ___.
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metabolism, anabolism, catabolism
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The fluid located within cells is the ___, whereas the fluid located outside of the cells is ___.
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intracellular fluid (ICF), extracellular fluid (ECF)
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TRUE or FALSE
In a positive feedback system, the response enhances or intensifies the original stimulus. |
True
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A person lying face down would be in the supine position.
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False
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The highest level of structural organization is the system level.
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False
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A plane that seperates the body into unequal right and left sides is a?
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parasagittal plane
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Midway through a 5-mile work out, a runner begins to sweat profusely. The sweat glands producing the sweat would be considered wich part of a feedback loop
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effectors
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Anatomy
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The science of body structures and the relationships among structures
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Embryology
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study of development from the fertilized egg to the end of the eighth week of development
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Cytology
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study of the structural features of a cell.
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Histology
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study of microscopic structure of tissue
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Gross Anatomy
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structures that can be examined with out using a microscope
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Physiology
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science that deals with the functions of an organism or its parts
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Cell Physiology
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describes the function of cells
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Systemic Anatomy
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the anatomic study of particular systems of the body, such as the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, or urinary systems
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Neurophysiology
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studys the functional properties of nerve cells
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Cardiovascular Physiology
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study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels
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Pathology
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study of nature/cause of disease and their effect on physiology associated with disease and aging
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Exercise Physiology
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study of changes in cell and organ function as a result of muscular activity (exercise)
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Symptons
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a subjective change in body functon not apparent to as observer (pain, nausea) that indicates the pressence of a disease or disorder of the body.
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Signs
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any objective evidence of disease that can be observed or measured such as a lesion, swelling or fever.
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Chemical Level
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basic level includes Atoms that participate in chemical reactions and Molecules essential to life.
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Cellular Level
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molecules combine to form cells, basic structural and functional units of organisms.
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Tissue Level
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groups of cells and surrounding material working together to perform a particular function
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Organ Level
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structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue Ex: stomach, skin, bones, heart, liver, lungs and brain.
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System Level
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consist of related organs with a common function, Ex: digestive system
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Organismal Level
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all the parts of a human body functioning together constitute the total organism.
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Basic Types of Tissue
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epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous
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6 Characteristics of Life
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metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction.
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Phases of Metabolism
Catabolism |
break down of complex chemical substances into simpler components (digestive processes catabolize (split) proteins in food into amino acids.
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Phases of Metabolism
Anabolism |
building up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components. (amino acids are used to anabolize (build) new proteins that make up body structures, i.e. muscle and bones
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Metabolism
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the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
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Responsiveness
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body's ability to detect and respond to changes. Ex: nerve cells respond by generating electrical signals known as nerve impulses (Action Potentials) temperature drops. Muscle cells respond by contracting wich generates force to move body parts (turn head)
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Movement
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motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells, tiny structures inside cells. Ex: action of leg muscles move whole body when you walk. Your gallbladder contracts and squirts bile into gastrointestinal tract to aid in digestion of fatty meals. Certain white blood cells move from blood into affected tissue to clean and repair infected or damaged area. Inside cell various parts move from one position to another to carry out their functions
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Growth
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increase in body size due to increase in size of existing cells, increase in number of cells or both. Tissue increases in size because amount of material between cells increases. Ex: In a growing bone, mineral deposits accumilate between bone cells, causing bone to grow in length and width.
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Differentiation
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the development of cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state. Ex: red blood cells and several types of white blood cells arise from same unspecialized precursor (ancestor) cells in red bone marrow. Precursor cells can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation, known as stem cells. Fertilized egg developes into embryo then to fetus, infant, child then adult.
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Reproduction
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formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement. This process occurs continuously throughout life, continues from generation to next through production of new individual cells, fertilization of ovum by sperm cell.
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Homeostasis
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state of equilibrium with in internal enviroment of body ideal to remain with in range of a set point.
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our body regulates heat and sugr levels
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Negative Feedback
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any diviation from set point is made smaller or resisted; maintains homeostasis
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body temperature
blood pressure many examples in the endocrine system |
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Feedback Systems
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cycle of events inwich status of body condition is monitored, reevaluated and so on. Monitored variables such as body temperatureblood pressure or blood glucose level is termed a "controlled condition". Any disruption that changes a controlled condition is called a "stimulus"
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