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123 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Target pest for herbicides |
Weeds |
Starts with w |
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Target pest for insecticide |
Insects |
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Target pest for fungicide |
Fungi |
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Target pest for acaricides |
Mites, ticks |
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Target pest for desiccants |
Plants to be dehydrated |
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What are two types of ingredients make up a pesticide formulation? |
Active ingredient and inert ingredients |
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Examples of active ingredients |
Glyphosate, carbaryl, propiconazole |
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Examples of inert ingredients |
Solvent or a dry carrier |
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Soluble powder
Type of formulation. ........... |
Dry |
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Brand x 20G is a Formula type % active |
Granule 20% |
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How many pounds of active ingredient is in 10lb of brand XM 50WP? |
5lbs |
10lb x .5 |
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Brand x 2E type of formulation and active ingredient |
Emulsifiable 2 lbs of active ingredient for 1 gallon of product |
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.......... are highly toxic gases or produce highly toxic gases, requiring special licensing |
Fumigants |
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......... produce a spray of fine pesticide droplets. |
Aerosols |
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......... a chemical that modifies a pesticide physical properties and/or enhances its performance. |
Adjuvant |
A |
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List the three utility agent |
Compatibility agents, pH buffers, anti-foaming agent |
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List the four spray modifiers (chemicals) |
Drift reduction additives, surfactants, stickers, penetrants |
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Drift reduction additives do what? |
Increase droplet size and reduce drift |
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Surfactants do what? |
Help individual spray droplets spread out on the treated surface |
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Stickers do what? |
Improve pesticide adherence to the treated surface |
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Penetrates do what? |
Improve systemic pesticide penetration into the treated surface. |
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What are two indications of a physical incompatibility with pesticides? |
Pesticides cannot physically mixed together. Incompatible mixtures may settle, layer, curdle for gel |
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What are two indications of a chemical incompatibility with pesticides? |
Synergism: increased activity or effectiveness as opposed to applying the product separately
Antagonism: decreased activity or effectiveness as opposed to applying the products separately
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Starts with S and A |
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Who is responsible for the failed tank mix when the labels provide no guidance? |
Operator |
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If physical compatibility is a concern what type of test should be performed? |
Jar |
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....... pesticides control some related pest, but not others. |
Selective |
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An example of selective pesticides |
2, 4-D to control broadleaf weeds in grasses |
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......... pesticides control all related pests. Control all Weeds along a fence post. |
Non-selective pesticides |
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An example of a non selective pesticide |
Glyphosate to control all weeds along the fence row |
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The two forms of mobility of pesticides |
Contact, systemic |
C AND S |
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........ pesticide does not move within the plant |
Contact |
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......... pesticide moves within the plant. |
Systemic |
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Pesticides remain sufficiently active to kill pest for several days, weeks or months after application. May reduce the need for retreatment and may also adversely affect non-target species. |
Residual pesticide |
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After application, .......... ............ pesticides rapidly break down into products that are ineffective at controlling pests. In most instances, it is better to use a less persistent pesticide and plan for necessary retreatment. |
Non residual pesticides |
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What is a pre harvest interval |
The minimum time that must pass between application and harvest |
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The amount of pesticide residue that may legally remain in or on a food or food crop when it is harvested is called its |
Tolerance |
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Why would a product be seized and penalties imposed |
If residue of an unlabeled pesticides are found and If the level of a labeled pesticide is too high |
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Not everyone sprays food crops, but everyone. ........ |
Eats |
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List the three major types of applications |
Spot, brand and broadcast |
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......... ........... and ......... ........... determine the overlap on a boom sprayer. |
Nozzle spacing and boom height |
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.......... moves liquid and creates pressure needed to spray the pesticide solution |
Pump |
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.......... holds pesticide solution |
Tank |
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.......... portion of solution that is circulated back to the tank. Mixes pesticides to prevent them from settling out to bottom of tank |
Agitation |
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.......... a mesh filters that prevent foreign objects in a sprayer solution from clogging or damaging the equipment. |
Strainers |
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......... Monitors pressure to ensure equipment is operating |
Pressure gauge |
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........... Controls the flow of solution and prevents excess pressure |
Pressure and flow control valves |
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.......... Delivers the spray to target - very important |
Nozzles |
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The .......... of spray applied - flow rate of spray determined by orifice size. |
Amount |
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The .......... of the spray - determined by nozzle pattern and overlap |
Uniformity |
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.......... of the target - influenced by droplet size |
Coverage |
C |
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The potential for .......... - influenced by droplet size |
Spray drift |
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Droplet size influence .......... of target and .......... . |
Coverage Spray |
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.......... provides better coverage, but more likely to drift |
Small droplet spectrum |
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Nozzles produce a range of droplet sizes known as |
Droplet size spectrum |
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What are the two types of pesticide drift |
Vapor and particle |
V and P |
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Particle drift is primarily influenced by what three things. |
Droplet size, wind speed, and wind direction |
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Equipment factors that influence drift are. 3 things |
Nozzle, boom height, and pressure |
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Weather factors that influence drift are? 6 things |
Wind speed, wind direction, shifting wind, temperature humidity, no wind |
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When should you not spray? |
Wind speed is greater than 10 miles per hour. Wind is blowing towards sensitive areas. Winds are shifting. During periods of, calm or during an inversion |
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Three things to control droplet size spectrum for drift |
Nozzles which reduce small drift prone droplet. Reduce application pressure. Uses drift reduction additive to increase droplets size. |
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What are the three major routes of human pesticide poisoning? |
Oral, inhalation, dermal |
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What factors make up a pesticide hazard |
Toxicity X exposure |
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What are symptoms that are usually associated with pesticide poisoning? |
Mild poisoning - fatigue, headache, nausea, dizziness, excessive sweating. Severe poisoning - severe contracted pupils muscles twitching, difficulty breathing, unconsciousness |
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If poisoning occurs what steps should be taken? 3 |
Contact Dr, give first aid, take label |
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Soluble powder What is its agitation |
Initial |
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Soluble powder Is it abrasive |
Yes |
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Soluble powder What are the safety concerns? |
Inhaling dust |
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Wettable powder, water dispersible granule, dry flowable
Forms a what? |
Suspension |
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Wettable powder, water dispersible granule, dry flowable
What is it agitation? |
Strong |
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Soluble powder is it dry or wet formulation |
Dry |
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Wettable powder, water dispersible granule, dry flowable are they wet or dry formulation? |
Dry |
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Wettable powder, water dispersible granule, dry flowable is it abrasive? |
Yes |
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Wettable powder, water dispersible granule, dry flowable safety concerns |
Inhaling dust |
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Granule is it dry or wet formulation |
Dry |
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Granule forms a |
As is |
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Granule agitation is |
Not applicable |
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Granule is it abrasive? |
Not applicable |
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Safety concerns for granule formul? |
Feeding by birds |
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Solution wet or dry formulation? |
Wet |
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Solution forms a? |
Solution |
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Emulsifiable concentrate wet or dry formulation? |
Wet |
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Emulsifiable concentrate forms a |
Emulsion |
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Emulsifiable concentrate agitation is |
Slight |
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Solution agitation is? |
Initial |
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Solution are they abrasive? |
No |
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Emulsifiable concentrate agitation is? |
Slight |
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Emulsifiable concentrate is it abrasive? |
No |
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Emulsifiable concentrate safety concerns |
Skin absorption, may degrade PPE and pump parts |
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Flowable or liquid forms a |
Suspension |
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Flowable or liquid agitation is |
Moderate |
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Flowable or liquid is it abrasive? |
Yes |
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Micro capsulated forms a |
Suspension |
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Micro capsulated is it agitated |
Moderate |
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Are Micro capsulated formulas abrasive? |
Yes |
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What are the safety concerns for Miro capsulated formula |
Honeybees me insecticides |
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Three steps , what should be done with pesticide contaminated clothing and other personal protective equipment. |
Throw away any PPE contacted with highly toxic pesticides or pesticides concentrate. Launder contaminate clothing separately and daily. Handle clothing with gloves. Wash other PPE after each use with detergent and water, dry, and store separately from pesticides. |
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3 things, how should pesticides be transported? |
Not in a closed vehicle with people. Not with food or feed. Tied down and secured |
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What two things are needed when loading and cleaning a pesticide sprayer, what precautions should be taken to prevent contamination of the environment? |
Maintain an air gap between end of hose and liquid in tank prevent back siphoning. Use a wash pad to contain spill and rinsate |
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How should empty pesticide containers be prepared for disposal in sanitary landfills or recycling? |
Triple rinsing, pressure rinsing, paper bags and cylinders |
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Spray application rate is the amount of. ......... applied per unit area. Often measured in gallons per acre |
Spray solution |
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Formulation application rate is the amount of ......... applied per unit area |
Formulation |
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The Gallons of spray applied per acre (GPA) is determined by what three things |
Nozzle flow rate ground speed effective spray width |
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What is the formula for GPA |
GPA = GPM x 5940 / mph x W |
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What number is the constant to convert gallons per minute miles per hour in inches per gallon per acre |
5940 |
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It takes ............... increase in pressure to double the nozzle flow rate, which in turn would double the spray application rate. |
4 times |
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Changing nozzles would be increasing ............ size |
Orifice |
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What is the preferred method for adjusting GPM or GPA |
Changing nozzle or the orifice size |
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What nozzles formula do I need to determine necessary nozzle flow rate GPM |
GPM = GPA x MPH x W / 5940 |
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What is the number of square feet in one acre |
43560 |
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How many fluid ounces in a gallon |
128 |
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How many ounces in a pound |
16 |
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How can you tell whether a pest such as we disease rodent or insect pests has caused injury |
Scouting for pests and injury symptoms |
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What are the types of control measures are used in IPM? |
Cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical |
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List four groups of infectious disease organism |
Fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes |
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What four factors govern the development and seriousness of infectious plant diseases? |
Pathogen, susceptible host, environment, time |
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What are some examples of a complete life cycle insect |
Japanese beetles, honey bee, monarch butterfly, black cutworm, mosquito, ladybug |
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What are some insects with an incomplete life cycle? |
Ethan, grasshopper, leafhopper, stick bug, cockroach, praying mantis |
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Name three general types of Weeds |
Broadleaf, grass, grass like |
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......... complete their life cycle in one year. |
Annuals |
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........... ........... emerge in the spring or summer and produce seedlings, and produce seed and die in early summer |
Summer annuals |
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............. ............. emerge in the fall over winter as seedlings and produce seed and die In early symmer. |
Fall/winter annuals |
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.............. live for two years before dying. |
Bieanuals |
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.............. live for more than two years. |
Perennials |
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