Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Again, state the 5 properties of proteins that can be exploited. |
Mass Charge-pH Hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions Differential solubility Mobility in applied fields |
|
Define the effect of a kosmotropic molecule. |
Contribute to structure and stability of water-water interactions, stabalising intermolecular inetarctions in proteins |
|
Define the effect of a chaotropic molecule. |
Disrupt water-water interactions, increasing the solubility of non-polar molecules |
|
In N-terminal sequencing, what is added to remove the outermost amino acid? A mildly basic buffer is also added, state the name of this buffer. |
Phenyl IsoThioCyanate (PITC) Trimethylamine |
|
In N-teminal sequencing, what is used to allow the terminal amino acid to be selectively removed? This derivative then isomerises to give a substituted_? What process allows this^ to be identified? |
Anhydrous acid Phenylthiohydantoin Chromatography |
|
Often the N-teminal amino acid is chemically modified. How is this modification enzymatically removed? State a limitation of the Edman degradation. |
Pyroglutamylcarboxyl peptidase Answer can include: Cannot determine the position of disulfide bonds or only a linear sequence of amino acids produced |
|
In mass spectronomy protein sequencing, peptides are produced using specific proteases and cyanogen bromide. How are these peptides fractionated? |
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) |
|
The peptides are run through the MS twice. What happens during run 1? What happens during run 2? |
1: Mass of peptide is determined 2: Peptide is fragmented and different mass of the individual amino acids is determined |
|
Runs 1 and 2 can now be done in 1 single step, know as? What happens once the data on m/z ratio has been discovered? |
Tandem Mass Spectronomy Compared against a database of previously sequenced proteins in order to determine the sequences of the fragments |
|
In CID mass spectronomy, what does CID stand for? |
Collision Induced Dissociation |
|
Many copies of the same peptide are fragmented at the peptide backbone to produce what? What is needed in for the amino acid sequence to be determined? |
b and y ions Overlap of amino acid sequence |
|
For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? A R N D |
A: Alanine R: Arginine N: Asparagine D: Aspartic acid |
|
For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? C E Q G |
C: Cysteine E: Glutamic acid Q: Glutamine G: Glycine |
|
For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? H I L K |
H: Histidine I: Isoleucine L: Leucine K: Lysine |
|
For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? M F P S |
M: Methionine F: Phenylalanine P: Proline S: Serine |
|
For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? T W Y V |
T: Threonine W: Tryptophan Y: Tyrosine V: Valine |
|
Define a proteome. |
Proteins that are expressed in the cell at any one time or in any tissue |
|
Study of the proteome and how it varies under certain conditions can provide information to allow? |
Targetting of specific proteins for directed inhibition or modification |
|
How many genes are present in E. coli? How many proteins and molecules are involved in metabolism? |
4,785 genes 8,000 |
|
How does silver, throught the process of silver stress, have an effect on DNA? |
Breaks the disulfide bridge by intercalation between cysteine |
|
What process allows the 18,000 genes in the human body to be turned into 1,000,000 proteins? |
Post Translational Modifications |
|
There are 10 forms of Post Translational Modification. State 8 of these. |
Answer can include any 8 of the following: Prenylation, Disulfide bonds, Hydroxylation, Sulfation, Methylation, Phosphorylation, Glycosylation, Acyl lipidation, Acetylation, Proteolysis |
|
What has been suggested as a biomarker for aging? |
Ubiquitin |