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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anthropology
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The study of human culture and biology.
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Biological Anthropologists
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Study humans as animals in the past and in the present.
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Cultural Anthropolgists
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Study culture of humans as a species.
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Ethnographers and Ethnographies
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Study people in societies around the world. Information collected from these studies.
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Emic Persepective
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Insider's persective.
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Etic Perspective
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Outsider's Perspective
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Linguistics
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Studies development and changes of speech and language
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Archeologists
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Study past CULTURES THROUGH artifacts and their context.
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Applied Anthropology
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Using what we've learned to solve modern human problems.
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Paleoanthropology
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Study of fossils, artifacts, and their context.
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Holism
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Must study the past, present, biology, and culture of humans to fully understand them.
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Contingency
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Every population has evolved from a previous group
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Common Ancestry
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This is shared when two groups evolve from the same group.
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Common Ancestrial Group
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"Parent group" of evolving groups
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Homology
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Similarities caused by the common ancestrial group
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Analogy
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Similar functions, but no evolutionary relationship.
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Acenstrial VS Derived Traits
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Same traits
VS Different traits |
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Homonoid VS Homonid
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Superfamily of apes and humans
VS Humans and thier bipedal acestors |
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Last Common Acenster
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group that evolved from "parent group" into Humans (group 1) and chips, bonobose, and gorillas (group 2)
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Bio-uniformatarianism
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The causes of species's evolution are still causing species to evolve.
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First life
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first forms of life
Having a cell, living in water, and having the ability to change. |
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Ediacara
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Probable common ancester of modern multicellular life.
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Cambrian explosioDn
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The time when all animal phyla lived in watery envirnoments
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Chengjiang Formation
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Earliest Cambrians fossils found in China
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Burgess Shale
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Deposits in the Canadian Rockies that contain the earliest phyla of animals including chodates.
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Tetrapod
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first lobe finned fish. (Beginnings of amphibians)
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Amniotes
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Vertibrates with internal membranes that enclose enclose embryos inside of eggs. First was reptiles
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Permian extinction
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First Mass Extinction
95% of land species lost |
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Placental mammals
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Member of the the infraclass (named Eutheria) that includes placentals.
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Homeotheurms
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maintain body temperature
Example: Warm-Blooded |
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Homodont VS Heterodont
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same function, different size
VS Different function and size |
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Theraspids
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Early group of mammal-like reptiles which are ancestors of later mammals
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Angiosperms
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Flower-bearing plants, the last plant category to evolve. 75 mil years ago
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K / T Mass Extinction
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2nd Mass Extinction
During the Cretaceous 50-60 of Life forms |
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Deductictive VS Inductive Reasoning
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Form a Hypothesis then data to test it
VS Gather information, then forms hypothesis |
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Paradigm
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Perspective/ School of Thought
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Discontinuity VS Continuity
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Interuption of one group by extinction or movement
VS Gradual changes |
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Anthropometry
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Measurement of body parts used to compare populations.
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True Fossil
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Only bone or tooth. (Not casts, molds, or stains)
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Provenience
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3D location of artifacts in their matrix
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Postdepositional effects
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Alterations or movements to fossils after they have been deposited.
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Molecular Dating
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Using genetic analysis to estimate dates of evolution
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Ice Cores
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Samples of ice used to date envirnomental changes
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Marine Cores
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Samples of ocean floor sediments that contain shells and pollen
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Essentialism
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Belief of greek philosophers that everything was born perfect, thus needed no change. (Opposite of Evolution)
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Taxonomy
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Scientific Classification
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Acquired Charactistics
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Theory that traits acquired during the parents life time could be inherited by offspring.
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Mitosis VS Meiosis
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Body Cell Division
Sex Cell Division |
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Structural VS Regulatory Genes
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Instructions for observable traits
Code for regulation of biological processes, such as growth and development |
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Phyletic Gradualism
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Darwin's idea of the tempo of evolution being slow and gradual
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Punctuated Equilibrium
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Model of macroevolutionary change in which long periods of little change are followed by short bursts of rapid change.
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