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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most of the fossils discovered in Africa come from the eastern and western parts of the continent. Why is this?
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These areas provided better preservation
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The time it takes for 50% of an unstable isotope to decay to a stable form is called the:
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half-life
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Eras are |
divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs. |
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The earth’s age is:
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4.6 billion years
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The original continent that existed about 200 mya, from which the modern continents ultimately emerged, is called: |
Pangaea |
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What is the basic difference between relative and absolute dating? |
c. the use of an actual number of years |
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During the Holocene artifacts like __________ began to appear.
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ceramics |
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A wooden tomb is discovered with a well-preserved mummy inside. What method could be used to date the tomb? |
dendrochronology |
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Based on the molecular clock, geneticists believe the split between chimps and hominins occurred: |
8–10 mya. |
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Coinciding with the appearance of early hominins about 5–10 mya, the climate was: |
dry and seasonal. |
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The Nariokotome Boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human traits such as: |
b. shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids. |
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Some Homo erectus specimens had very large and robust bones while others: |
were gracile |
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All fossils represent: |
transitions |
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The earliest members of the genus Homo have been found dating from: |
2.5–1.0 mya. |
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Anatomical evidence from fossilized hand bones suggests that the precision grip needed to make and use stone tools was present: |
in Homo habilis and some australopithecines. |
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Compared to earlier hominids the increased body size in Homo erectus is likely due to: |
increased protein in the diet. |
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Fossil evidence of cut marks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggests that: |
meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology. |
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Which species became increasingly specialized to foods requiring heavy chewing?
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Australopithecus |
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The controlled use of fire by hominids: |
contributed to geographical expansion and food production techniques in positive ways. |
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Intermediate forms in the fossil record include:
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all the choices given are correct |
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Scientists define modern in terms of:
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a series of distinctive anatomical traits that contrast with archaic traits from earlier hominins. |
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Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. This is likely to have resulted from: |
the accumulations of genetic mutations over time. |
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To date, the majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in: |
Europe |
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Analyses of modern human genetic variation indicate that Homo sapiens may have evolved approximately: |
200,000 yBP. |
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In Atapeura 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating: |
the use of the front teeth for gripping materials. |
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Neandertals’ cold-adapted traits include: |
a projecting midface. |
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The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel? |
The hyoid |
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The Herto skulls from Ethiopia |
have a combination of archaic and modern features. |
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The fossils called Homo floresiensis were dated to: |
18,000 yBP. |
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The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from _________, dating to _________. |
Lake Mungo; 40,000 yBP |
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Modern diseases made possible by overcrowding include, but are not limited to: |
measles, mumps, cholera,smallpox and influenza. |
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New World domesticated products include: |
cotton |
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Domestication produced more food per unit area of land than had hunting and gathering, meaning: |
more people could be fed from the same amount of land. |
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Agriculture resulted in: |
population sedentism and crowding. |
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The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by: |
10,500 yBP. |
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As towns and cities began to compete for increasingly limited resources: |
organized warfare developed. |
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Comparisons of the bones from hunter-gatherers’ to later agriculturalists’ to modern peoples’: |
show a remarkable decline in size. |
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The masticatory-functional hypothesis: |
states that change in skull form represents a response to decreased demands on the chewing muscles. |
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The frequent occurrence of agriculturalism around the world was accompanied by two phenomena: |
decline in nutritional quality and increase in infectious disease. |
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__________ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require in their diet: |
Heme |