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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The _________ ______ consists of 26 irregular bones connected in such a way that a flexible, curved structure results. |
vertebral column
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The 7 vertebrae of the neck are the ________ _________, the next 12 are the ________ _________, and the last 5 are the ______ _________.
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cervical vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae |
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Inferior to the lumbar vertebrae is the ______, which articulates with the hip bones of the pelvis.
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sacrum
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The terminus of the vertebral column is the tiny ______.
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coccyx
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Each ______________ ____ is a cushionlike pad composed of two parts.
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intervertebral disk
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Each vertebrae consists of a ____, or _______, anteriorly and a _________ ____ posteriorly.
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body
centrum vertebral arch |
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Together, the body and the vertebral arch enclose an opening called the _________ _______.
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vertebral foramen
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Successive vertebral foramen of the articulated vertebrae form the long _________ _____, through which the spinal cord passes.
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vertebral canal
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The ________, short bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral body, form the sides of the arch.
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pedicles
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The _______, flattened plates that fuse in the median plane, complete the arch posteriorly.
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laminae
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The _______ _______ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of the two laminae.
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spinous process
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A __________ _______ extends laterally from each side of the vertebral arch.
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transverse process
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Each transverse process contains a __________ _______ through which the vertebral arteries pass to service the brain.
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transverse foramen
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Because its spinous process is palpable through the skin, C7 can be ised as a landmark for counting the vertebrae and is called the ________ _________.
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vertebra prominens
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The _____ (C1) has no body and no spinous process.
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atlas
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The ____, which has a body and the other typical vertebral processes, is not as specialized as the atlas.
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axis
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The axis's only unusual feature is the knoblike ____ projecting superiorly from its body. It is actually the "missing" body of the atlas, which fuses with the axis during embryonic development.
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dens
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The vertebral body typically bears two small facets, commonly called __________, on each side, one at the superior edge and the other at the inferior edge. They receive the heads of the ribs.
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demifacets
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In its posterior midline the sacral surface is roughened by the ______ ______ _____.
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median sacral crest
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The vertebral canal continues inside the sacrum as the ______ _____.
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sacral canal
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Since the laminae of the fifth (and sometimes fourth) sacral vertebrae fail to fuse medially, an enlarged external opening called the ______ ______ is obvious at the inferior end of the sacral canal.
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sacral hiatus
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The _______ lies in the anterior midline of the thorax.
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sternum
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The _________ is the superior portion of the sternum, which is shaped like the knot in a necktie.
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manubrium
(*think MAN's necktie*) |
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The ____, or midportion, forms the bulk of the sternum.
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body
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The _______ _______ forms the inferior end of the sternum.
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xiphoid process
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The superior seven rib pairs attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages. These are ____ or vertebrosternal ribs.
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true
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The remaining five pairs of ribs are called _____ ____ because they either attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment.
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false ribs
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Rib pair 11 and 12 are called vertebral ribs of ________ ____ because they have no anterior attachments.
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floating ribs
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the ________ ______, or shoulder girdle, consists of the clavicle anteriorly and the scapula posteriorly.
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pectoral girdle
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The _________, or collarbones, are slender, S-shaped bones that can be felt along their entire course as they extend horizontally across the superior thorax.
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clavicles
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Each clavicle is cone-shaped at its medial _______ end, which attaches to the sternal manubrium, and flattened at its lateral _________ end, which articulates with the scapula.
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sternal
acrominal |
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The ________, or shoulder blades, are thin, triangular flat bones.
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scapulae
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The thick lateral, or axillary, border abuts the armpit and ends superiorly in a small, shallow fossa, the _______ ______. This cavity articulates with the humerus of the arm, forming the shoulder joint.
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glenoid cavity
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The anterior, or costal, surface of the scapula is concave and relatively featureless. Its posterior surface bears a prominent _____ that is easily felt through the skin.
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Spine
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The spine ends laterally in an enlarged, roughened triangular projection called the ________.
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acromion
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Projecting anteriorly from the superior scapular border is the ________ _______. It looks like a bent finger. It helps anchor the biceps muscle of the arm.
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coracoid process
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The _______, the sole bone of the arm, is a typical long bone.
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humerus
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At the proximal end of the humerus is its smooth, hemispherical ____, which fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula in a manner that allows the arm to hang freely at one's side.
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head
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Immediately inferior to the head is a slight constriction, the __________ ____.
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anatomical neck
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Just inferior to the anatomical neck are the lateral ________ ________ and the more medial _______ ________, separated by the ________________ ______, or bicipital groove.
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greater tubercle
lesser tubercle intertubercular sulcus |
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Just distal to the tubercles is the ________ ____, so named because it is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus.
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surgical neck
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About midway down the shaft on its lateral side is the V-shaped _______ __________, the roughened attachment site for the deltoid muscle of the shoulder.
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deltoid tuberosity
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At the distal end of the humerus are two condyles: a medial ________, which looks like an hourglass tipped on its side, and the lateral ball-like _________.
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trochlea
capitulum |
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The condyle pair is flanked by the ______ and _______ ___________.
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medial
lateral epicondyles |
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Superior to the trochlea on the anterior surface is the ________ _____; on the posterior surface is the deeper __________ _____.
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coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa |
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The ____ is slightly longer than the radius. It forms the elbow joint with the humerus.
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ulna
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The ulna bears two prominent processes, the _________ (elbow) and the _________ _______, separated by a deep concavity, the trochlear notch.
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olecranon
coronoid process |
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On the lateral side of the coronoid process is a small depression, the ______ _____, where the ulna articulates with the head of the radius.
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radial notch
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Distally the ulnar shaft narrows and ends in a noblike ____.
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head
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Medial to the head is the _____ _______ _______, from which a ligament runs to the wrist.
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ulnar styloid process
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The ______ is thin at its proximal end and wide distally - the opposite of the ulna.
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radius
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The ____ of the radius is shaped somewhat like the head of a nail.
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head
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Distally, where the radius is expanded, it has a medial ulnar notch, which articulates with the ulna, and a lateral ______ _______ _______.
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radial styloid process
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The carpus consists of eight marble-sized short bones, or _______, closely united by ligaments.
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carpals
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List the carpals from proximal lateral to distal medial.
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scaphoid
lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate (Sally Left The Party To Take Cindy Home) |
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Five ___________ radiate from the wrist like spokes to form the metacarpus or palm of the hand. They are numbered, not named, 1-5 from the pollex to the pinky.
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metacarpals
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The fingers, or ______ of the upper limb, are numbered 1-5 beginning with the pollex.
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digits
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Except for the pollex, each digit has three phalanges:
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distal
middle proximal |
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The ______ ______, or hip girdle attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton, transmits the full weight of the upper body to the lower limbs, and supports the visceral organs of the pelvis.
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pelvic girdle
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The pelvic girdle is formed by the sacrum and a pair of hip bones, each also called an oscoxae, or _____ ____.
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coxal bone
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The _____ is a large flaring bone that forms the superior region of a coxal bone.
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ilium
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When you rest your hands on your hips, you are resting them on the thickened superior margins of the alae, the _____ ______, to which many muscles attach.
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iliac crests
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Each iliac crest ends anteriorly in the blunt ________ ________ _____ _____ and posteriorly in the sharp posterior superior iliac spine.
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anterior superior iliac spine
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Just inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine, the ilium indents deeply to form the _______ _______ _____, through which the thick cordlike sciatic nerve passes to enter the thigh.
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greater sciatic notch
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Posterior to the iliac fossa, the roughened auricular surface articulates with the same-named surface of the sacrum, forming the __________ _____.
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sacroiliac joint
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The _______ forms the posterioinferior part of the hip bone.
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ischium
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The _______ _____ projects medially into the pelvic cavity and serves as a point of attachment of the sacrospinous ligament running from the sacrum.
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ischial spine
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The inferior surface of the ischial body is rough and grossly thickened as the _______ __________.
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ischial tuberosity
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The _____, or pubic bone, forms the anterior portion of the hip bone.
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pubis
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As the two rami of the pubis run laterally to join with the body and ramus of the ischium, they define a large opening in the hip bone, the _________ _______, through which a few blood vessels and nerves pass.
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obturator foramen
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The bodies of the two pubic bones are joined by a fibrocartilage disc, forming the midline _____ _________ joint.
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pubic symphasis
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The _____, the single bone of the thigh, is the largest, longest, strongest bone in the body.
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femur
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The ball-like ____ of the femur has a small central pit called the fovea capitis.
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head
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The head is carried on a ____ that angles laterally to join the shaft.
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neck
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At the junction of the shaft and neck are the lateral _______ __________ and posteromedial ______ __________. These projections serve as the sites of attachment for thigh and buttock muscles.
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greater trochanter
lesser trochanter |
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Inferior to the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior shaft is the _______ __________, which blends into a long vertical ridge, the linea aspera, inferiorly.
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gluteal tuberosity
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Distally, the femur broadens and ends in the wheel-like _______ and ______ ________, which articulate with the tibia of the leg.
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lateral
medial condyles |
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The smooth ________ _______, between the condyles on the anterior femoral surface, articulates with the patella.
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patellar surface
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The _______ is a triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the (quadriceps) tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia.
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patella
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The _____ receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot.
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tibia
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At its bread proximal end are the concave ______ and _______ ________, which look like two huge checkers lying side by side.
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medial
lateral condyles |
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Just inferior to the condyles, the tibia's anterior surface displays the rough ______ __________, to which the patellar ligament attaches.
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tibial tuberosity
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Medial to the tibia-talus joint surface is an inferior projection, the ______ _________, which forms the medial bulge of the ankle.
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medial malleolus
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The ______ is a sticklike bone with slightly expanded ends. It articulates proximally and distally with the lateral aspects of the tibia.
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fibula
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The fibula's proximal end is its head; its distal end is the _______ _________.
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lateral malleolus
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The tarsus is made up of seven bones called _______ that form the posterior half of the foot.
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tarsals
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Body weight is carried primarily by the two largest, most posterior tarsals: the _____, which articulates with the tibia and the fibula superiorly, and the strong _________, which forms the heel of the foot and carries the talus on its superior surface.
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talus
calcaneus |
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The remaining tarsals are the lateral ______, the medial _________, and the anterior ______, ____________, and ________ ___________ bones.
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cuboid
navicular medial intermediate lateral cuneiform |
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The metatarsus consists of 5 small, long bones called ___________. These are numbered 1-5 beginning on the medial side of the foot.
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metatarsals
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