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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
During the winter months, populations living in cold climates show greater frequency of broken bones than populations living in warm, sunny climates. What might be a possible solution to this problem? |
a dietary supplement of cholecalciferol (is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus) |
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Which of the following is not a function of epidermal growth factor (EGF)? A. promoting the division of germinative cells in the stratum lucium B. stimulating epidermal repair after injury C. accelerating production of keratin D. stimulating synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial glands |
promoting the division of germinative cells in the stratum lucium (should be promoting the division of germinative cells in the stratum BASALE and stratum SPINOSUM) |
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Merocrine sweat glands are most abundant in the __________. |
palms of the hands |
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Which of the following glands secretes oil into the hair follicle? |
sebaceous |
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ear canal Cerumen is produced by glands located in the __________. |
ear canal |
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The skin can move easily over the underlying muscles because of the loose connective tissue within the __________. |
hypodermis |
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What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of? |
Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
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The epidermis has several layers. Which layers of the epidermis would be different in thick skin compared to a sample of thin skin? |
Stratum Lucidum and Stratum Corneum |
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Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for water resistance? |
Stratum Corneum |
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Characteristics Dermis |
Papilla, Connective Tissue, Blood vessels |
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Characteristics Epidermis |
Water resistant, stratified squamous epithelium, 4-5 distinct layers, keratinocytes, merkel cells` |
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Every day your epidermis normally sheds dead skin cells. What is the first step in the process by which epidermal cells are replaced? |
Basal cells in the stratum germinativum divide, adding in new daughter cells and pushing the cells above upward through the layers. |
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Harold has psoriasis, a skin disorder that speeds up the life cycle of the skin cells. The keratinocytes mature too rapidly, and dead skin cells build up on the epidermal surface in scaly patches. How does a cell become keratinized? |
As the cells migrate through the stratum spinosum, they continue to divide, but when they reach the stratum granulosum, they stop dividing and start producing large amounts of keratin and keratohyalin. As the keratin fibers accumulate (keratinization), the nuclei and organelles disintegrate, and the cell dies. |
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One of the more interesting treatments for psoriasis involves the use of the “doctor fish” (Garra rufa). Psoriasis sufferers will submerge themselves in a tank filled with these tiny fish. The fish nibble away at the outermost layer of the epidermis, removing dead skin cells and the scaly psoriasis patches. Which layer of the epidermis is the “doctor fish” removing? |
stratum corneum |
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Psoriasis is a debilitating condition marked by chronic inflammation. In healthy skin, inflammation is part of the normal response to an injury. What is the next step to follow inflammation during tissue repair? |
The next step is the migratory phase. Following the formation of a scab, phagocytic cells clear debris while cells from the stratum basale migrate along the edges of the wound. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells divide, producing mobile cells that invade the deeper areas of the wound, and vessel endothelial cells divide to repair damaged blood vessels. |
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The epidermis receives blood containing oxygen and nutrients from which of the following? |
from arteries in the connective tissue below |
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Normally, how long do skin cells last before being shed or sloughed off? |
21–24 days |
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Ultraviolet light causes production of vitamin D3 in the cells of the __________. |
epidermis |
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Healthy skin cells require a constant supply of blood. In decubitus ulcers, or bed sores, this blood supply is hindered because superficial blood vessels are compressed. Which layer(s) of the skin hold(s) such compressed blood vessels? |
the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis |
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Two women are comparable in age, body conformation, and are pregnant at the same time, but one experiences stretch marks, while the other does not. What would be a possible hypothesis for why there was an observed difference? |
The woman with stretch marks has a greater collagen-to-elastic fiber ratio. |
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The skin layer just beneath the stratum basale is the __________ layer. |
papillary |
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Which of the following glands secrete a thick odorous secretion into the hair follicle? |
apocrine |
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During which phase of injury has the scab been undermined by migrating epidermal cells resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and breaking down of the fibrin clot? |
proliferation |
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Skin color may have a diagnostic function. Imagine one of your friends has an obvious orange tint to her skin. What would be a logical conclusion of your observation? |
She may have a real taste for consuming carrots. |
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In a second-degree burn, the entire epidermis and perhaps some of the dermis are damaged. Which of the following functions of the skin is NOT typically affected by a second-degree burn? |
storage of lipids in the hypodermis |
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Some burn victims benefit from skin grafts cultured from their own skin cells. Which skin cells are the most likely candidates for such a culture? |
basal cells |