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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ho Chi Minh-
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N Vietnamese communist leader
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Vietminh-
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Ho Chi Minh’s communist soldiers
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Bao Dai-
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French-installed puppet leader in S Vietnam from 1950-1954
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Domino Effect (or theory)-
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Idea that if one country fell to communists more would topple
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Dienbienphu-
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French forces taken by the Vietminh in 1954
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17th parallel-
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Line established in 1954 separating communist N from non-communist S Vietnam
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Diem-
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Catholic, anti-communist who took control of S Vietnam (w/US help) in 1954 and called off elections in 1956 (w/US support)
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Saigon-
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Capital of S Vietnam
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Advisors-
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Term for US soldiers & others who helped Diem during the 1950s & 60s
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National Liberation Front-
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aka NLF aka Vietcong. Organized in 1960. Communists in S Vietnam who fought v. Diem.
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Hearts and Minds-
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Strategic hamlet policy-
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Diem’s policy of putting peasants in barbed wire compounds to keep them from Ho Chi Minh’s sympathizers. It was unpopular & undermined Diem’s popularity who was assassinated in 1963.
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McNamara-
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Sec of State during Vietnam War
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-
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1964. US claims that N Vietnam fired on US boats in international waters & congress grants Pres Johnson right to send in troops
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Operation Rolling Thunder-
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1965-1968. US attack on N Vietnam including massive bombing raids on industries & Ho Chi Minh Trail
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Ho Chi Minh Trail-
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N Vietnamese communist supply line that ran through Cambodia & Laos
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Agent Orange-
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Defoliant used by US to expose communist hiding places in jungle
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Twenty-Sixth Amendment-
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1971. Lowered voting age to 18.
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Student Deferments-
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Policy of allowing college students to avoid being drafted while attending university
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Credibility Gap-
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Term for the perception people in US began to have that the war was going badly while Pres Johnson’s administration asserted it was going well
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Fulbright-
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Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair whose 1966 hearings questioned war’s winnability
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SANE-
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National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy
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SDS-
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aka Students for a Democratic Society. Founded in 1962 its Port Huron Statement (written by Tom Hayden) outlined their “New Left” philosophy
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New Left-
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1960’s activist agenda that didn’t stress Old Left pro-communism, rather anti-war, pro-civil rights, anti-consumerism, anti-traditional American culture agenda
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FSM-
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aka Free Speech Movement. Founded at Berkeley in 1964 after the school attempted to limit political activity on campus
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Teach-ins-
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Modeled on sit-ins & first held at U of Michigan in 1965 to protest the war
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Stop the Draft Week-
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Huge 1967 protest
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Counterculture-
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Term for people like “hippies” & “flower children” who rejected traditional American values & embraced non-traditional lifestyles
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Bob Dylan-
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1960s protest folk singer whose “Blowin’ in the Wind” became an anti-war anthem
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The Beatles-
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1960s pop-rock band from England who became leaders in the counterculture movement
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Marijuana & LSD-
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Drugs of choice for counterculture
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Woodstock-
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1969 counterculture concert in NY
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Timothy Leary-
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Counterculture LSD advocate who encouraged people to “tune in, turn on & drop out”
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Nation of Islam-
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aka Black Muslims. Black separatist movement founded in the 1960s by Elijah Muhammad
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Malcolm X-
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Charismatic Nation of Islam leader who was assassinated by members Black Muslims in 1965
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Black Power-
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1960s militant movement led by people like Stokely Carmichael that called for black self-reliance
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Black Panthers-
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Militant black movement founded in Oakland, CA by Huey Newton & Bobby Seale
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Black Pride-
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Term for 1960s emphasis on racial pride
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Afro-American-
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Term that began to replace Negro in the 1960s
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Long Hot Summers-
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1964-1967 series of riots in major US cities to protest black conditions
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Kerner Commission-
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Established after Long Hot Summers by LBJ, it warned that the US needed to address issues of inequality
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April 4, 1968-
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Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis TN
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MAPA-
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Mexican American Political Association. It helped to elect Mexican Americans to congress in the 1960s
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Chicano-
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Term that replaced Mexican American in 1960s
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La Raza Unida-
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aka The United Race. Formed in 1960s to promote Chicano interests
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United Farm Workers-
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aka UFW. Chavez’s union which achieved recognition in 1970 after grape pickers’ strike
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Native Americans-
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Term that began to replace Indians in 1960s
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AIM-
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aka American Indian Movement. A militant civil rights movement formed in Minnesota in 1968
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Alcatraz Island-
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Occupied by AIM from 1969-1971 to protest Native American conditions
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Wounded Knee-
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1973 SD site where a Native American protest led to deaths
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Identity Politics-
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Idea that people should be thought of and dealt with as members of groups, not individuals
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Stonewall Riot-
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Homosexual riot in NY City in 1969 which brought attention to the gay liberation movement
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Gay-
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Term that began to replace homosexual in the 1960s
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Feminism-
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Term for women’s rights movements
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The Pill-
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Term for the birth control pill which became available in 1960
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The Feminine Mystique-
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1963 Betty Friedan’s feminist manifesto
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NOW-
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aka National Organization for Women founded by Friedan in 1966.
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Women’s Liberation-
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aka Women’s Lib. Militant feminists who protested the Miss America Pageant in 1968
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General Thieu-
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US backed leader of S Vietnam after 1967
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Tet Offensive-
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Jan 1968 N Vietnamese attack on major cities. It was a strategic failure but a huge PR victory for N VN.
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Hawks-
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Pro-war people
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Doves-
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Anti-war people
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Senator McCarthy-
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Anti-war presidential candidate whose success forced LBJ out of the 1968 election
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Robert Kennedy-
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JFK’s brother & att general who was assassinated in 1968 while campaigning for presidency
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1968 Democratic Convention-
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Anti-war Yippies Ruben & Hoffman turn the demo convention into a riot when Chicago Mayor Daley’s police aggressively round up protesters
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Hubert Humphrey-
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LBJ’s VP & demo presidential candidate in 1968
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Law and Order-
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Major campaign issue in 1968, especially after the riotous demo convention in Chicago
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George Wallace-
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Ex- democratic AL gov & “law & order” and segregationist 3rd party candidate in 1968
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Nixon-
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Ike’s VP who lost to JFK in 1960 but was nominated by repubs in 1968
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Election of 1968-
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Repub Nixon narrowly defeats Demo Humphrey
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Silent Majority-
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Term for Americans who didn’t protest or reject traditional American culture. It was used by Nixon in 1968
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Kissinger-
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Nixon’s national security advisor (later sec of state) who was Nixon’s chief advisor on war
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Vietnamization-
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Nixon’s policy of shifting fighting to S Vietnamese, not Americans
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Laos & Cambodia-
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Neighbors of Vietnam where Vietcong took refuge & the US eventually bombed
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Khmer Rouge-
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Vicious communist regime that took over Cambodia from 1975-1979 after US bombing destabilized the country
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Agnew-
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Nixon’s VP who had to resign after being indicted for taking bribes while gov of MD
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Kent State-
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OH university and site of anti-war protest which led to 4 deaths of students by national guardsmen
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Fragging-
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Term for soldiers intentionally killing their own officers in Vietnam
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My Lai Massacre-
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1968 massacre of civilians by US soldiers under Lieut. Calley which was made public in 1971
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Détente-
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Nixon’s policy of seeking peaceful coexistence with communists
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SALT-
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Strategic Arms Limitations Treaties
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Christmas Bombings-
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1972 US bombings designed to bring the N Vietnamese to the bargaining table
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Ho Chi Minh City-
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New name for Saigon after communists took over all of Vietnam in 1975
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Vietnam Syndrome-
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Term for how many in US became much less willing to get involved in international conflicts
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War Powers Act-
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1973 law that required presidents to report any use of military to congress & get congressional approval for long-term military engagements
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