Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ANP |
Atrial natriuretic peptide |
|
Functions of ANP |
Lowers blood pressure |
|
Aldosterone |
Stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys to help to maintain water salt balance |
|
What is nephromegaly |
Enlargement of the kidneys |
|
Steroids |
Steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex and the sex glands |
|
Steroids are derived from |
Cholesterol |
|
Amino acid compounds |
These hormones are proteins or related compounds also made of amino acids |
|
Amino acid compounds are all hormones except |
Except those of the adrenal cortex in the sex glands |
|
Negative feedback |
Keeps the level of particular parameters within a specific range |
|
What are hormones |
Chemical Messengers that has specific regulatory effects on certain cells or Oregon |
|
What is a target tissue |
Specific tissue acted on by each hormone |
|
Hypothalamus hormones |
Ath, oxytocin and regulates the pituitary |
|
Pituitary consist of |
Anterior lobe and posterior lobe |
|
Pituitary anterior lobe produces |
GH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin, FSH, LH |
|
Thyroid hormone produces |
T3, T4 |
|
Parathyroids |
Pth and also helps with calcium metabolism |
|
Adrenal glands consist of |
Medulla, cortex |
|
Adrenal medulla produces |
Epinephrine |
|
Adrenal cortex produces |
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids |
|
Islets of pancreas produces |
Insulin, glucagon |
|
The sex glands produce |
Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone |
|
The pineal gland in the brain produces |
Melatonin |
|
ADH |
Antidiuretic hormone |
|
What is ADH |
Promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules and thus decreases water excretion |
|
Too much ADH can cause |
Contraction of the smooth muscles in blood vessel walls and raises blood pressure |
|
Inadequate ADH causes |
Diabetes insipidus |
|
What is oxytocin |
Causes uterine contraction and triggers milk ejection from the breast |
|
What is the infundibulum |
Connects the brain's hypothalamus to the pituitary gland |
|
Anterior pituitary are controlled by secretions |
RH releasing hormone |
|
GH or somatotropin promotes |
Protein manufacturer essential for girls |
|
GH also stimulates the liver to release |
Fatty acid and glucose for energy and time of stress |
|
TSH |
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones |
|
ACTH |
Stimulates hormone production in the cortex of the adrenal gland |
|
PRL or prolactin |
Stimulates milk production in the breast |
|
FSH |
Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles in which egg cells mature and the development of sperm cells in the testes |
|
LH |
Causes ovulation in females and promotes progesterone secretion in females and testosterone secretion in males |
|
FSH and LH are classified as |
Gonadotropins |
|
Gonadotropins functions |
Hormones on the gonads to Regulates growth development and productive functions and both male and females |
|
Pituitary tumors in childhood |
Gigantism |
|
Pituitary tumors in adults |
Acromegaly |
|
What is T4 |
Thyroxine |
|
What is T3 |
Triiodothyronine |
|
What is congenital hypothyroidism |
Failure of the thyroid gland to form during fetal development |
|
Hypothyroidism |
Lack of production from the thyroid gland Hashimoto thyroiditis |
|
What is endemic goiter |
Results from lack of iodine in the diet, limiting the thyroids ability to manufacture hormones |
|
Hyperthyroidism |
Overactivity of the thyroid gland with excessive hormone secretion. Graves disease |
|
What is thyroid storm |
Exaggerated form of hypothyroidism with a sudden onset |
|
Parathyroid hormone |
Promotes calcium released from bone tissue, does increasing the amount of calcium circulating in the bloodstream. Also causes the kidneys to conserve calcium |
|
Calcium metabolism |
Calcium balance is required not only for the health of bones and teeth but also for the proper function of the nervous system and muscles |
|
Effects of epinephrine |
Stimulation of smooth muscles in the walls of some arterioles, causing them to constrict and blood pressure to rise according to me. Andrew increase in the heart rate Increase in the metabolic rate of body cells Conversion of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose Dilation of the bronchioles through relaxation of the smooth muscles in their walls |
|
Glucocorticoids |
They maintain blood glucose levels in times of stress by stimulating the liver to convert amino acids into glucose instead of protein |
|
Glucocorticoids administered as medication |
Cortisol |
|
Mineralocorticoids |
Important in a regulation of electrolyte balance. Major hormone aldosterone |
|
Androgens |
Male sex hormones. |
|
Disorder of the adrenal cortex |
Cushing syndrome |
|
What is Cushing syndrome |
Hypersecretion of cortisol |
|
In women Excess androgens |
Virilization |
|
What is virilization |
Appearance of male characteristics such as facial hair and premature balding |
|
Excess aldosterone production also known as |
Aldosteronism |
|
What is aldosteronism |
Abnormal salt and water retention causing high blood pressure |
|
Pancreas acini functions |
Secretes digestive enzymes through ducts directly into the small intestines |
|
Pancreas islets |
The cells produce hormones that diffuse into the bloodstream |
|
Islet hormones |
Insulin produced by beta cells |
|
The liver and muscle cells convert excess glucose into |
Glycogen |
|
Insulin also promotes |
Overall tissue building |
|
Second islet hormone |
Glucagon |
|
Glucagon functions |
Horse with insulin to regulate blood glucose level |
|
Hormones produced by the testes |
Testosterone |
|
Female hormones parallel to testosterone |
Estrogen |
|
Other hormone produced by the ovaries |
Progesterone |
|
Adipose tissue produces |
Leptin a hormone that controls appetite |
|
The kidneys produce a hormone called |
Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow |
|
What is atrial natriuretic peptide |
Atrial response to raise blood pressure ANP helps lower blood pressure by increasing sodium excretion by the kidneys |