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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
name two of the phylums named for Kingdom Protista
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Sarcodina, Ciliophora
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Characteristics of Protista
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primarily single celled, nucleus, ± mitochondria, ± chloroplast, ± cell wall
reproduction, asexual reproduction, ± meiosis, autotrophic/ Heterotrophic, pseudopodia/flagella/Cilia |
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Characteristics of Sarcodina
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movement by pseudopodia, reproduction: asexual by binary fission, sexual-rare or unknown
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Parts to know of the Sarcodina
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plasma membrane,ectoplasm, endoplasm,organelles.
--some are parasitic in humans |
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Characteristics of Ciliophora
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movement by cilia, asexual reproduction
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Parts to Know of Ciliophora
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plasma membrane, organelles,mouth (oral groove), gullet, pellicle
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Characteristics of invertebrates
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multicellular,heterotrophic, aerobic resiration, asexual reproduction, motility
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germ layers of the invertebrate embryo
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ectoderm
endoderm mesoderm |
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body organization of Invertebrates
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Symmetry:
radial symmetry: completely symetrical bilateral symmetry: only symmetrical longitudily. |
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what is Acoelom, Psuedocoelom,Coelom
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Acoelom: no space in cavity
Psuedocoelom: appearance t have space Coelom: open space in cavity things are segmented |
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Origin of Animals
- hypothetical origins: |
ciliate ancestry: organisms lived symbioticly with other organism which eventually became the organelles
colonial ancestry: groups of the organisms lived symbiotically in a group for survival |
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some examples of kingdom Placozoan
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Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (Hydra, jellyfish)
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what are the scientifc names for the phylum for flatworms and classes: hydra, flukes/leeches, tapeworms)
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Phylum: Platyhelminthes class: Turbellaria(hydra) Trematoda (flukes)
Cestoda (tapeworms) |
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classes of Phylum Mollusca (clams, snails, octopus)
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Amphineura-:Chitons
Scaphopoda: tooth or tusk shells Gastropoda Snails and slugs Pelecypoda: bivalves Cephalopoda: Squids&octopuses |
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characteristics of Annelidia (worms)
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1. Bilateral symmetry
2.Non-tapering segmented body 3.Each segment contains bristles(setae) 4.Body plan: -body wall and digestive system with layers of muscles -Coelom present, usually divided by septa -Digestive system complete, extending through organism -Circulatory system closed -Respiration via skin or gills -Excretory system composed of paired nephridia(like a kidney) -Also deals with osmoregulation - nervous system organized, brain present with ventral nerve cord |
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three classes of annelids and characteristics of each
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1. Hirudinea (leaches) posterior and anterior suckers for attachment- anterior- oral sucker leads from pharynx to anus
2. Polychaeta Many setae, gills, primarily marine 3.Oligochaeta (earthworm) -Few bristles -segments are numbered |
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Characteristics of Arthropoda(insects, spiders, crabs)
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1.Bilateral symmetry
2.Body segmented: head,thorax,abdomen areas 3.exoskeleton:composed chitin 4.coelmate 5. jointed(hinged) appendages 1 pair per area 5.Body plan: a.Digestive system complete b.Circulatory system open c.Respitory system, gills or tubes d.Specialized sensory structures a.Eyes(usually more then 2) b.Antennae e.Dimorphic |
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Classes of Arthropoda
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1.Merostomata(horseshoe crabs)- no antennae, four pairs of legs,marine
2.Arachnida(spiders,mites,ticks) –not antennae, 3.Diplopoda(millipedes) one pair of antenna, two pairs of legs per seg 4.Centipedes 5.Insects(insects) one pair of antennae, three pair of legs, mostly terestiral 6.Crustacea(lobsters,crabs) |
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Echinodermata, (starfish,sea urchin, sea dollars)
Characteristics: |
1radial to bilateral symmetry
Depends on organism 2. coelmate 3. body plan: coelom ciliated, cavity with fre cells( amoebacytes), 4. water vascular system- system of interconnected tubes,- regulate the amount of water in the organism, 5. reproduction- sexes separate, sperm and egg |
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5 classes of Echinodermata
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1.Echinoidea-sea urchins and sand dollars
2.Crinoidea-sea lily (flower like) 3.Ophiuroidea-brittle stars 4.Holothuroida-sea cucumbers 5.Asteroidea-starfish |
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characteristics of Kingdom: Chordata--vertebrates
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1. notochord: first formed skeletal supporting structure, long rod that runs the length of the body, dorsal to the digestive system.
2. nerve chord: dorsal tube parallel to notochord, anterior portion enlargedforms brain 3. pharyngeal gill slits: on either side of pharynx, feeding and or respiration, all higher chordates have themmany only during early embryonic stages 4. tail: at least in embryo |
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Major Taxa
-subphyla; of Chordata |
1. Urochordata-tunicates(sea squirts);
occur in intertidal zone to deep sea environments, filter feeders passing water through gill slits-food/respiration. Two distinct phases; juvenile form- bilaterally symmetrical, motile. Adult form-radial symmetry, non motile 2. Cephalochordata-lancelets; small fish-like animals, notochord and nerve tube/cord along entire body, persistent in adulthood 3. Verebrata-spinal animals; largest group of chordate,-notochord becomes replaced by a vertebral column segmented spinal column as the supportive axis,-brain enclosed by a brain case, |
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Agnatha(jawless fish); large group plentiful during Cambrian period, earliest jawless fish were?
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ostracoderms-bottom dwellers filter feeder, body covered by bony armored plates, skeletal system-notochord terminated anteriorly in enlarged brain case
-extant ostracoderms;two lines survived hagfish and lampreys Characteristics: cartilidge -hagfish: scavengers, feed by rasping tongue -lamprey: rasping tongue modified around in oral sucker |
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Jawed fish: earliest jawed fish were bottom feeders, gill supporting structures became modified into a jaw bone like projections served as teeth, despite a large amount of adaptive radiation placoderms became extinct during the Carboniferous period.
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placoderms; ostracoderms
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Amphibians(Amphibia): evolved from lobe finned fish. name characteristics
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thick boney skeleton.
tetrapods-4 limbs. Respiration via; gills, lungs, epidermis |
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Important parts of frog anatomy both external and Internal
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1.External anatomy(frog): Head,mouth, nares(nostrils), eyes, tympanic membrane(eardrum), Trunk: forelimbs-hand with 4 fingers,
leg-foot with 5 toes Cloacal opening- 2.Internal anatomy: a.Buccopharyngeal ccavity-oral cavity; mouth-tongue, esophagus, jaws-upper/lower, teeth-maxillary upper jaw, vomerine in palate(holds food) bTorso: abdominal vein, stomach, pyloric sphincter, small intestine, liver-3 lobed, large intestine, cloaca, lungs, brain-5 lobed, spinal cord |
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Characteristics of Reptillia (reptiles)
--First truly terrestrial group |
scaly skin, Internal fertilization, Amniote eggs
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Aves(bird): one group of reptiles(dinosaurs) underwent evolutionary modification. Evolutionary adaptations?
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wings; modified forelimb,
bone too dense; to reduce weight, bone became honeycombed. Respiration enhanced; flight heavily dependent on energy, respiration means for energy production(ATP), lungs connected to ventilating sacs which allow for more oxygen uptake. Circulation enhanced; to get oxygenated blood to all parts of the body heart modified, heart large in proportion to body-4 chambered, clear demarcation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, |
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Mammalia(Mammals): Characteristics
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Hair;
mammary glands; Gland produces nutritious fluids for young offspring. |
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three lineages of Mammalia
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Monotremes-egg layers
Marsupials-pouches Eutherians-placental |
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Monotreme characteristics
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egg laying mammals.- extant species: duck billed-platypus, spiny anteater. –most primitive mammals, amniotic egg laid& incubated. Hatchling continues development in a temporary skin pouchcontains nipples for suckling
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Marsupial characteristics
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egg laying mammals.- extant species: duck billed-platypus, spiny anteater. –most primitive mammals, amniotic egg laid& incubated. Hatchling continues development in a temporary skin pouchcontains nipples for suckling
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Eutherians characteristics
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Placental mammals: amniotic egg laid& incubated internally. –developing fetus exchanges material with mother indirectly.—Placentasponge like tissue formed by both mother and fetus.-placental develops in the uterus: material passed from one to the other. – end result is fully formed offspring.
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