Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell cycle |
A series of events from the time a cell forms until its cytoplasm divides. |
|
interphase |
In a eukaryotic cell cycle, the interval between mitotic divisions when a cell enlarges, roughly doubles the number of its cytoplasmic components, and replicates its DNA. |
|
mitosis |
Nuclear division mechanism that maintains the chromosome number. Basis of body growth and tissue repair in multicelled eukaryotes; also asexual reproduction in some plants, animals, fungi, and protists. |
|
asexual reproduction |
Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from a single parent only. |
|
homologous chromosomes |
Chromosomes with the same length, shape, and set of genes. |
|
prophase |
First stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and become attached to a newly forming spindle. |
|
spindle |
Dynamically assembled and disassembled network of microtubules that moves chromosomes during nuclear division. |
|
metaphase |
Second stage of mitosis at which the cell's chromosomes are aligned midway between the poles of the spindle. |
|
anaphase |
Third stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles. |
|
telophase |
Final stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles and decondense, and new nuclei form. |
|
cytokinesis |
Cytoplasmic division. |
|
cleavage furrow |
In a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur. |
|
cell plate |
After nuclear division in a plant cell, a disk-shaped structure that forms a cross wall between the two new nuclei. |
|
telomere |
Noncoding, repetitive DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes; protects the coding sequences from degradation. |
|
sexual reproduction |
Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from two parents and inherit genes from both. |
|
meiosis |
Nuclear division process that halves the chromosome number. Basis of sexual reproduction. |
|
somatic |
Relating to the body. |
|
alleles |
Forms of a gene with slightly different DNA sequences; may encode slightly different versions of the gene's product. |
|
gametes |
Mature, haploid reproductive cell; e.g., an egg or a sperm |
|
germ cells |
Immature reproductive cell that gives rise to haploid gametes when it divides |
|
haploid |
Having one of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species. |
|
zygote |
Diploid cell formed by fusion of the two gametes; the first cell of a new individual. |
|
crossing over |
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments during prophase I of meiosis. |
|
sporophyte |
Diploid, spore-producing stage of a plant life cycle. |
|
gametophyte |
A haploid, multicelled body in which gametes form during the life cycle of land plants and some algae. |
|
sperm |
Mature male gamete. |
|
egg |
Mature female gamete, or ovum. |