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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
zygote
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fertilized egg
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developmental psychology
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study of how behavior changes over time
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post hoc fallacy
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false assumption that because one event occurred before another event it must have caused that event
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cross-sectional design
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research design that examines people of different ages at a single point in time
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cohort effect
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effects observed in a sample of participants that result from individuals in the sample growing up at the same time
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longitudinal design
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research design that examines development in the same group of people on multiple occasions over time
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gene-environment interaction
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situation in which the effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed
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nature via nurture debate
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tendency of individuals with certain genetic predispositions to seek out and create environments that permit the expression of those predispositions
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gene expression
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activation or deactivation of genes by environment experiences throughout development
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prenatal
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prior to birth
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blastocyst
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ball of identical cells early in pregnancy that havent yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part
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embryo
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2 to 8 week of prenatal development, during which limbs, facial features, and major organs of the body take form
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fetus
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period of prenatal development from 9 week until birth after all major organs are established and physical maturation is the primary change
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teratogens
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environmental factors that can exert a negative impact on prenatal development
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cognitive development
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study of how children learn, think, reason, communicate, and remember
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constructivist theory
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piaget's theoretical perspective that children construct an understanding of their world based on observations of the effects of their behaviors
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assimilation
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piagetian process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge
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accommodation
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piagetian process of altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience
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sensorimotor stage
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stage in piaget's theory characterized by a focus on the here and now without the ability to represent experiences mentally
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object permanence
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the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view
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preoperational stage
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stage in piaget's theory characterized by the ability to construct mental representations of experience but not yet perform operations on them
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egocentrism
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inability to see the world for others perspectives
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conservation
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piagetian task requiring children to understand that despite a transformation in the physical presentation of an amount, the amount remains the same
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concrete operations stage
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stage in piaget's theory characterized by the ability to perform mental operations on physical events only
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formal operations stage
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stage in piaget's theory characterized by the ability to perform hypothetical reasoning beyond the here and now
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scaffolding
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learning mechanism in which parents provide inital assistance in children;s learning but gradually remove structure as children become more competent
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zone of proximal development
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phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction
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stranger anxiety
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a fear of strangers developing at 8 or 9 months of age
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attachment
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the strong emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest
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imprinting
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phenomenon observed in which baby birds begin to follow around and attach themselves to any large moving object they see in the hours immediately after hatching
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contact comfort
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positive emotions afforded by touch
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mono-operation bias
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drawing conclusions on the basis of only a single measure
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temperament
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basic emotional stye that appears early in development and is largely genetic in origin
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group socialization theory
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theory that peers play a more important role than parents in children's social development
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