Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cerebell/o:
1) Meaning 2) Example 3) Definition |
1) Cerebellum
2) cerebellar 3) pertaining to the cerebellum |
|
Cerebr/o:
1) Meaning 2) Example 3) Definition |
1) Cerebrum
2) Cerebral Cortex 3) COrtical means pertaining to the cortex or outer area of an organ |
|
dur/o:
|
dura mater-outermost layer of meninges
|
|
subdural hematoma
|
colleciton of blood under the dura mater
|
|
epidural hematoma
|
collection of blood above the dura mater
|
|
Encephalitis
|
1) encephal-brain
2) itis-inflamation |
|
Encephalopathy
|
1) Encephal-brain
2) pathy-disease |
|
anencephaly
|
1) an-without
2) encephal-brain |
|
Meningeal
|
1) meninge-membranes and meninges
2) al-pertaining to the membrane |
|
Meningioma
|
1) meningi-membrane and meninges
2) oma-tumor;mass;fluid collection |
|
Myoneural
|
1) Myo-muscle
2) Neural-pertaining to nerve |
|
Myelogram
|
1) Myelo-spinal cord
2) gram-record |
|
Neuropathy
|
1) Neuro-nerve
2) Pathy-disease |
|
Radiculopathy
|
1) Raidculo-nerve root or spinal nerve
2) Pathy-disease |
|
analgesia
|
condition of no pain sensation--ex. -usually sedation without loss of consciousness neuralgia nerve pain
|
|
cephalgia: cephalalgia
|
head pain--headache
|
|
anesthesia
|
condition of no nervous sensation, such as touch, pain
|
|
paresthesia
|
abnormal sensations such as numbness, tingling, pricking
|
|
hyperesthesia
|
excessive sensitivity to touch, pain or other sensory stimuli
|
|
bradykinesia
|
slowness of movement
|
|
hyperkinesis
|
condition of excessive movement--muscular activity
|
|
kinesiology
|
-study of movement
|
|
paresis
|
partial paralysis or weakness
|
|
hemiparesis
|
slight paralysis affecting the right half or left (half) side of the body
|
|
aphasia-
|
inability to speak
|
|
-plegia
|
paralysis
|
|
hemiplegia
|
paralysis of left half or right half of body
|
|
paraplegia
|
paralysis of lower part of body and legs -injury or disease of cord at lumbar level
|
|
quadriplegia
|
paralysis of all 4 limbs--damage is at cervical level
|
|
syncope--
|
fainting
|
|
Hydrocephaly
|
abnormal accumulation of CSF in brain--circulation of CSF in brain and sp. cord is impaired--characteristics in infant are enlarged head and small face. Can be treated by placing a shunt from ventricle of brain to the peritoneal cavity so the CSF will continuously drain.
Adults may suffer from this as result of a tumor or infection. |
|
spina bifida
|
congenital defect in spinal column due to imperfect union of vertebral parts-usually occurs in lumbar region--certain types can result in herniation of the meninges (meningocele) and herniation of spinal cord and meninges (meningomyelocele or myelomeningocele)
|
|
Alzheimer disease--brain
|
disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity--early sign--loss of memory of recent events, persons, places, etc followed by impairment of judgment, comprehension and intellect.
|
|
ALS--amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--
|
also known as Lou Gehrig disease. --degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem--difficulty swallowing, talking and breathing--eventually all muscles atrophy and patient becomes quadriplegic. Unknown cause and no cure.
|
|
epilepsy
|
a chronic brain disorder characterized by seizure activity-¬
|
|
seizure--
|
abnormal, sudden excessive discharge of electrical activity within brain
|
|
tonic-clonic (grand mal seizure
|
sudden loss of consciousness with stiffening (tonic
contractions and then clonic contractions (twitching)-often preceded by aura |
|
petit mal
|
minor form of seizure--clouding of consciousness and loss of contact with
environment momentarily |
|
Multiple sclerosis-
|
destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS--replaced by plaque of sclerotic tissue--this demyelination prevents conduction of nerve impulses--unknown etiology--possible autoimmune
|
|
myasthenia gravis-
|
Means grave muscle weakness --relapsing weakness of skeletal muscles--is a chronic autoimmune disorder
|
|
palsy--
|
paralysis-cerebral palsy-partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination due to damage to cerebrum during gestation or in the perinatal period.
|
|
Bell palsy--
|
unilateral facial paralysis due to disorder of facial nerve--etiology unknown--usually complete recovery is possible
|
|
Parkinson disease
|
degeneration of nerves in brain leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, slowness of movement; motor disturbances include stooped posture, shuffling gait, muscle stiffness (rigidity) and tremor of hands and head
|
|
Tourette syndrome
|
Neurological disorder marked by involuntary spasmodic twitching movements (tics) uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words
|
|
meningitis
|
bacterial (pyogenic) and viral--inflammation of meninges--symptoms are fever, headache, sensitivity to light, and stiff neck. Pyogenic (more serious and life threatening) may be treated with antibiotics –vaccines are now given for prevention of bacterial meningitis; viral is treated symptomatically
|
|
shingles--
|
viral disease affecting peripheral nerves--pain and blisters follow the peripheral nerves--cause is herpes zoster--same virus that causes chicken pox--can occur at the same time as chicken pox or seen in adults or older children that have a very mild case of chicken pox--Now a vaccine is available for chicken pox. It can still be contracted but will only have a very mild case. Only those with the herpes zoster virus (living in body) can have shingles.
|
|
brain tumors
|
gliomas--a type is an astrocytoma. Glioblastoma multiforme is most malignant form of astrocytoma -- Meningioma--usually benign--however cause compression of brain--they are surrounded by a capsule
|
|
cerebral concussion-
|
brief loss of consciousness after injury, usually clears within 24 hrs., no evidence of structural damage--more severe may lead to coma
|
|
cerebral contusion
|
bruising of brain tissue as result of direct trauma to head--neurological deficits persist for more than 24 hours--usually associated with a skull fracture--subdural and epidural hematomas occur and can lead to permanent brain injury and epilepsy
|
|
CVA--
|
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; also called STROKE; CEREBRAL INFARCTION-¬
disruption in normal blood supply to the brain. Three types of strokes: 1) thrombotic 2)ebolic 3) Hemmorage |
|
thrombotic
|
blood clot (thrombus) in arteries leading to brain results in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel; atherosclerosis leads to this type--before total occlusion pt. may experience symptoms (dizziness, numbness, tingling) that point to gradual occlusion---these episodes are known as TIA's--transient ischemic attack-- (mini¬stroke)
|
|
. embolic--
|
an embolus (clot that breaks off from an area of the body) travels to the cerebral arteries and occludes small vessel. This type usually occurs very suddenly. Emboli--can be air, gas, fat, as well as a dislodged thrombus.
|
|
hemorrhagic
|
bursting forth of blood from cerebral arteries--often fatal-due to advancing age, atherosclerosis, or hypertension, -all causing degeneration of cerebral vessels--contributing factors are also, obesity, diabetes, smoking, substance abuse--cocaine.
|
|
thrombotic strokes can be treated with clot dissolving (anticoagulant) drug therapy--(tPA--_____) if started within 3 hours of onset of stroke; also surgically treated with a carotid ______ (removal of plaque from inner lining of carotid artery)
|
tissue plasminogen activator
endarterectomy |
|
Aneurysm
|
Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA
|
|
Astrocytoma
|
malignant tumor of astrocytes (gliab brain cells)
|
|
Aura
|
peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure
|
|
dementia
|
mental decline and deterioration
|
|
embolus
|
clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel
|
|
gait
|
manner of walking
|
|
herpes zoster
|
shingles, viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
|
|
palliative
|
relieving symptoms but not curing them
|
|
TIA
|
transient ischemic attack
|
|
occlusion
|
blockage
|
|
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
|
samples of CSF are examined
|
|
cerebral angiography
|
xray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material
|
|
CT of brain
|
x-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
|
|
myelography
|
x-ray of spinal cord using contrast; MRI of brain;
|
|
MRI of brain
|
magnetic field and pules of radiowave energy create images of brain and spinal cord
|
|
lumbar puncture (LP
|
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is withdrawn from between 2 lumbar vertebrae;
|
|
Doppler/ultrasound
|
on carotid and intracranial arteries; EEG
|
|
1) CNS
2) CSF 3) LP 4) TIA 5) MS 6) CVA 7) EEG |
1)Central Nervous System
2) Cerebrospinal fluid 3) lumbar puncture 4) transient ischemic attack; temporary interference with blood supple to the brain 5) multiple scleroisis 6)cerebrovascular accident 7) electroencephalography |