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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The passive transport process which is the mode for the exchange of gases that occurs in the respiratory system |
Diffusion |
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Between the blood in the capillaries and the air in the alveolus there is a barrier probably less than one micron thick.. this barrier is called |
Respiratory membrane |
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The pathway of air flow is often divided into upper and lower tracks or divisions |
Respiratory tract |
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The organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform two basic functions |
Air distributor and gas exchanger |
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The upper respiratory tract is composed of |
The nose, pharynx , larynx |
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The lower respiratory tract consists of the |
Trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and the lungs |
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The membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system |
Respiratory mucosa |
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Can produce and release huge amounts of mucus |
Goblet cells |
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Tissues that line the nostrils, covering the vocal folds of the larynx and lining the pharynx |
Stratified squamous epithelium |
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The layer of protective mucus that covers nearly the entire ciliated pseudostratified epithelial lining of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tree |
Mucous blanket |
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Are painless non cancerous tissue growth that May project from the nasal mucosa |
Nasal polyps |
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The four paranasal sinuses are |
Frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal |
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Often developed from colds in which nasal mucosa is inflamed.. symptoms symptoms include pressure, pain, headache, swelling and redness |
Sinusitis |
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Collect tears from the corner of each eyelid and drain them into the nasal cavity |
Lacrimal sac |
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The three shelf like structures that protrude into the nasal cavity on each side. They aid in humidifying and warming air |
Conchae |
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Serves the respiratory and digestive tracts. Air and food pass through on their way to the lungs and stomach respectively |
Pharynx |
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The uppermost part of the pharynx |
Nasopharynx |
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The portion of the pharynx behind the mouth |
Oropharynx |
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The lowest segment of the pharynx |
Laryngopharynx |
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They connect the middle ears with the nasopharynx |
Eustachian tube |
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Masses of lymphoid tissue that are embedded in the mucous membrane of the pharynx |
Tonsils |
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Tonsils located in the oropharynx |
Palatine tonsils |
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Tonsils located in the nasopharynx |
Pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids |
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A condition where tonsils become infected an inflamed |
Tonsillitis |
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Removal of both tonsils |
Tonsillectomy |
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A procedure that involves the cutting of an opening in the trachea |
Tracheostomy |
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A tube that is placed through the mouth pharynx and larynx and the trachea before patients leave the operating room |
Endotracheal intubation |
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Located just below the pharynx. It is composed of several pieces of cartilage also known as voice box |
Larynx |
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Two fibrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx |
Vocal cords |
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Acts like a trap door that closes off the larynx during swallowing and preventing food from entering the trachea |
Epiglottis |
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Place between the vocal cords |
Glottis |
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Increases with smoking and alcohol abuse. It occurs most often in men over age 50 |
Laryngeal cancer |
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Any infection localized in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is called |
Upper respiratory infection |
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Is inflammation and swelling of nasal mucosa |
Rhinitis |
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is used to describe sensitivity type reactions to many types of nasal irritants and airborne allergens including animal dander and plant pollen |
Allergic rhinitis |
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Is inflammation or infection of the pharynx |
Pharyngitis |
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Is inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx |
Laryngitis |
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Is a life-threatening condition caused by influenza type B infection. Hib often strikes children between three and seven years of age |
Epiglottitis |
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Is it condition in which nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity |
Deviated septum |
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A nosebleed caused by strong bump or blow but can result from severe inflammation and rubbing, hypertension or even brain injury |
Epistaxis |
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Performs a simple but vital function it provides part of the open passageway through which air can reach the lungs from the outside. Also called the windpipe |
Trachea |
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The tube leading to the left and right lung |
Bronchus |
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Results from the body's relative inability to inflate the alveoli of the lungs normally |
Respiratory distress syndrome |
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Helps reduce surface tension or stickiness of the watery mucus lining the alveoli. It keeps the alveoli from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration |
Surfactant |
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Is a very serious life-threatening condition that often affects prematurely born infants of less than 37 weeks gestation and whose weight is less than 5 pounds at birth |
Infant respiratory distress syndrome |
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Is caused by impairment or removal of surfactant in the alveoli. For example accidental inhalation of foreign substances such as water vomit smoke or chemical fumes |
Adult respiratory distress syndrome |
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Is caused by impairment or removal of surfactant in the alveoli. For example accidental inhalation of foreign substances such as water vomit smoke or chemical fumes |
Adult respiratory distress syndrome |
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Covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage |
The pleura |
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Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity |
Parietal pleura |
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Covers the lungs and the intrapleural space that lies between the two pleural membranes |
Visceral pleura |
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Incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung for any reason is called |
Atelectasis |
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Is the presence of air in the pleural space on one side of the chest |
Pneumothorax |
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The presence of blood in the pleural space |
Hemothorax |
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Means exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment |
Respiration |
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The process that moves air into and out of the lungs. It makes possible the exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood |
Pulmonary ventilation |
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Moves air into the lungs |
Inspiration |
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Moves air out of the lungs |
Expiration |
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Muscles that increase the volume of the thorax are classified as |
Inspiratory muscles |
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Muscles used for forceful expiration |
Expiratory muscles |
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Is the exchange of gases between the blood and alveolar air occurs by diffusion |
External respiration |
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The first branch or division of the trachea leading into the lungs |
Primary bronchi |
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The narrow part of each lung under the collar bone is its |
Apex |
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An insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues |
Hypoxia |
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Is used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing |
Spirometer |
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The amount of air breathe in and out during each breath |
Tidal volume |
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the largest amount of air that we can breathe out in one expiration is known as |
Vital capacity |
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Is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume |
Expiratory reserve volume |
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The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal inspiration |
Inspiratory reserve volume |
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Located in the carotid and aortic bodies are sensory receptors that are sensitive to increases in blood carbon dioxide level and decreases in blood oxygen level |
Chemoreceptors |
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Refers to the normal respiratory rate |
Eupnea |
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Describe very rapid and deep or slow and shallow respiration respectively |
Hyperventilation and hypoventilation |
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Refers to labored and difficult breathing and is often associated with hypoventilation |
Dyspnea |
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If breathing stops completely for a brief period regardless of cause it is called |
Apnea |
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A series of cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation occurs in critical diseases such as congestive heart failure brain injuries and brain tumors |
Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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Is a common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the bronchi most commonly caused by infection |
Acute bronchitis |
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Is an acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become clogged with thick fluid |
Pneumonia |
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Is a chronic bacillus infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Tuberculosis |
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Is the third ranking cause of infant death and accounts for about 1 in 9 of the nearly 30,000 infant deaths reported each year. Occurs most frequently in babies with no obvious medical problems who are younger than 3 months of age |
sudden infant death syndrome |
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Disorders that involve restriction of the alveoli. They inhibit inspiration, reduced pulmonary volumes and capacities such as inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity |
Restrictive pulmonary disorders |
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Is a broad term used to describe conditions of progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory airflow |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Is a chronic inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles |
Chronic bronchitis |
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May be result from the progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air becomes trapped within alveoli and causes them to enlarge |
Emphysema |
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Is an obstructive disorder characterized by reoccurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages |
Asthma |
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Is a malignancy of pulmonary tissue that not only destroys the vital gas exchange tissues of the lungs but like other cancers also may invade other parts of the body |
Lung cancer |
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Is the removal of only the affected lobe of the lung |
Lobectomy |
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Is the removal of the entire lung |
Pneumonectomy |