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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What technique is used to remove fuel by burning? |
Backfiring |
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What technique can burn an area of vegetation in front of the fire, thereby creating a wide area devoid of vegetation? |
Backfiring |
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What type of firefighting attack requires only one team of fire fighters? |
Flanking |
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How much water do small apparatus used for fire fighting wildland fires typically carry? |
200-300 gallons |
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What combination tool of a hoe and rake is used to create a fire line? |
McLeod fire tool |
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What is the top priority in a wildland fire attack? |
Safety of both fire fighters and civilians |
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What type of fire fighting attack requires two teams of fire fighters attacking both flanks of a wildland fire? |
Pincer attack |
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What term describes the relative closeness of wildland fuels? |
Fuel continuity |
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What fire fighting attack is most often used for large wildland and ground fires that are too dangerous for a direct attack? |
Indirect attack |
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What is an unburned area between a finger and the traveling (main body) edge of the fire? |
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What is an unplanned and uncontrolled fires burning in vegetative fuels that sometimes include structures? |
Wildland fires |
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What is the traveling edge of the fire as wildland and ground fires grow and reach into areas with new fuel? |
Head of the fire |
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What is the partly decomposed organic material on a forest floor? |
Ground duff |
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What are the three causes of wildland fires? |
1. Natural 2. Accidental 3. Intentional |
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What fuels are considered those that are close to the surface of the ground? |
Surface fuels |
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Fuels of large diameter (large brush, heavy timber, stumps, branches). They ignite and consume more slowly than light fuels |
Heavy fuels |
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Relativeness closeness of wildland fires. It is a factor of spreading from one area of fuel to another |
Fuel continuity |
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Portable fire extinguisher consisting of 4 gallon and gallon water tank that is worn on user's back and features hand held piston pump |
Backpack pump extinguisher |
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Features of earth's surface |
Topography |
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Fuels that located more than 6 feet off the ground, usually part of or attached to trees |
Aerial fuels |
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What equipment may be effective fire fighting tactic for small fires with a light fuel load? |
Backpack pump extinguisher |
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Ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at a given temperature |
Relative humidity |
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Location where a wildland or ground fire begins |
Area of origin |
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Where are vegetative fuels located? |
Under, on and above the ground |
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What fire is considered a new fire that starts outside the perimeter of the main fire? |
Spot fire |
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What type of aircraft can take on a load of water from a lake and apply it to a fire? |
Fixed wing aircraft |
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What has a major impact on the behavior of wildland fires? |
Weather conditions |
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What are two of the most critical weather conditions that can influence a wildland fire? |
1. Moisture 2. Wind |
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What can be carried in a protective pouch on a fire fighter's belt? |
Fire shelter |
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What is related to the season of the year? |
Amount of moisture in a fuel |
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What will preheat the fuels above the main body of the fire? |
Rising of heated air in a wildland fire |
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The land surface configuration |
Topography |
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A system that combines foam concentrate, water and compressed air to produce foam that can stick to both vegetation and structures |
Compressed air foam system (CAFS) |
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An area that has already been burned |
Black |
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The amount of moisture present in a fuel, which affects how readily the fuel will ignite and burn |
Fuel moisture |
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Debris resulting from natural events such as wind, fire, snow, or ice breakage or from human activities such as building or road construction, logging, pruning, thinning, or brush cutting |
Slash |
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Partly decomposed organic material on a forest floor; a type of light fuel |
Ground duff |
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A hand tool constructed of a thin, arched blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used to chop brush for clearing a fire line, or to mop up a wildland fire |
Adze |
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Fuels that ignite and burn easily, such as dried twigs, leaves, needles, grass, moss, and light brush |
Fine fuels |
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An item of protective equipment configured as an aluminium tent utilized for protection, by means of reflecting radiant heat, in an fire entrapment situation |
Fire shelter |
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A new fire that starts outside areas of the main fire, usually caused by flying embers and sparks |
Spot fire |
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A deep indentation of unburned fuel along the fire's perimeter, often found between a finger and head of the fire |
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A hand tool used for constructing fire lines and overhauling wildland fires. One side of the head consists of a five toothed to seven toothed fire rake; the other side is a hoe |
McLeod tool |
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Fuels of large diameter, such as large brush, heavy timber, snags, stumps, branches, and dead timber on the ground. These fuels ignite and are consumed more slowly than light fuels |
Heavy fuels |
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An unburned area surrounded by fire |
Island |
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An area of unburned fuels |
Green |
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A narrow point of fire whose extension is created by a shift in wind or a change in topography |
Finger |
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Which type of fuel spreads more quickly than heavy timber and brush? |
Fine fuels |
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What type of fuel is a grass fire characterized? |
Fine fuel - ignite and burn easily |
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Which type of fuel would a brush fire be characterized as? |
Surface fuels - close to the surface of the ground |
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What is the source of almost all naturally caused wildland and ground fires? |
Lightening |
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What is the most rapidly moving area of a wildland fire? |
Head of the fire |
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A deep indentation of unburned fuel along the fire's perimeter, often found between a finger and the head of the fire. It is considered a dangerous place for fire fighters. |
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A hand tool used for constructing fire lines and overhauling wildland fires. One side of the head consists of a five toothed to seven toothed fire rake; the other side is a hoe |
McLeod tool |
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Which type of attack is considered a backfire? |
Indirect attack - at considerable distance from the fire Backfire - planned operation to remove fuel by burning out large selected areas in front of the fire |
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What is the basic guideline for a safety zone? What is the minimum separation area? |
At least four times the height of the fire |
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List three element, parts or legs of the fire triangle associated with wildland fires |
1. Oxygen 2. Fuel 3. Heat |
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What is the primary fuel for wildland fires? |
Vegetation (grasslands, brush, trees) |
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In wildland fires, what influences the speed and direction which the fire moves? |
Air movement |
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What is one of the most important pieces of PPE for wildland fire fighters? |
Fire shelter |
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What is the ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a given temperature? |
Relative humidity |
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What are the effects when relative humidity is low? |
Vegetation fuels dry out, more susceptible to ignition |
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What are the effects when relative humidity is high? |
Moisture from the air is absorbed by the vegetative fuels, making them less susceptible to ignition |
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Changes of elevation in the land as well as the positions of natural and human made features |
Topography |
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An area that has already been burned |
Black |
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An area of unburned fuels |
Green |