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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adaptation
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building schemes through direct interaction with the environment (assimilation and accommodation)
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Babbling
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repetition of consonants - vowel combos in long string
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Colostrum
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milk produced in breasts during pregnancy
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Cooing
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soft murmuring
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Deferred imitation
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ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present
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Echolalia
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repeating back things that are said
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Endogenous Smile
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response to inner stimulation
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Equilibration
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balance between assimilation and accommodation
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Expressive language
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sounds, gestures or speech used to begin to communicate
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Holophrases
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a single word used by infants which has force of a full phrase used by adults
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Malnutrition
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bad nutrition - unbalanced diet
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Manipulative tantrums
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tantrums used to get something the child wants
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Motherese
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sing-song high-pitched speech used when talking with children
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Primary circular reaction
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reproduction of an event that initially occurred by chance
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Receptive language
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ability to comprehend language
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Schemes
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organized way of making sense of experience that changes with age
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Secondary circular reaction
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intentionally repeat an action in order to trigger a response in the environment
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Separation anxiety
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distressed reaction to the departure of the familiar caregiver
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Social smile
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smile evoked by the stimulus of the human face
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Stranger anxiety
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expression of fear in response to unfamiliar adults
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Telegraphic speech
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two-word phrases that leave out smaller, less important words
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Temperament
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stable individual differences in the quality & intensity of emotional reaction, activity level, attention and emotional self-regulation
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Temperamental tantrum
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frustration level reaches the rage stage - becomes totally out of control, falling apart emotionally
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Tertiary circular reactions
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experiment and explore environment - new methods to meet challenges
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Undernutrition
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inadequate food intake
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Benefits of breastfeeding
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(+) save money, good nutrition, immunities, emotional connection, convenient, uterus srinks
(-) time consuming, intentional effort to keep dad involved |
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3 main motor skills developed in infancy and toddlerhood
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1. lifting head & sitting
2. crawling - baby can be mobile, brain development 3. walking/standing/creeping |
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Motherese and baby talk - difference
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Motherse - sing song high-pitch speech when talking to children - models language usage of language and validates them
Baby-talk - copying words infants use (basghetti) |
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Piaget's cognitive theory - adaptation, assimilation, accommodation
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adaptation - how brain knows what we know when we receive new info
assimilation: don't need to change schemes, fit in new context with what you already know accommodation: change our scheme, make new scheme |
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"Failure to thrive" babies (reasons)
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(not growing)
undernutrition - not enough food malnutrition - enough food, not right food non-organic - not having to do with food |
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Attachment: development of, types, outcomes
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development of: need opportunity, care-giver sensitivity, quality, consistency, characteristics of infant, family circumstances
types: secure - know care-giver will meet their needs - protest -> calm down -> reunion insecure avoidant - protest -> adjust -> ignore insecure resistant - protest -> adjust -> cling to, tantrum, arch back insecure disorganized - no consistency outcomes: insecure feel world is unsafe, will doubt their abilities, overly dependent on those around you, difficulty establishing intimate relationships |
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3 classifications of temperament
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easy, difficult, slow to warm-up
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Components used in determining temperament
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basic function regularity
intensity and frequency of activity acceptance of new people and situations persistence adaptability distractability intensity of stimulation/reaction |
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Impact of daycare on the development of children: (+) and (-)
Social, Language, Emotional |
Social: (+) opportunity to interact, independent
(-) more aggressive Language: (+) more opportunities to talk to peers (-) less 1X1 time with adults Emotional: (+) enrich lives, more experiences (-) attachment issues |
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Considerations when looking for a day care provider
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curriculum
ratio of adult to children training of staff safety licensed facility |
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Erikson's phases: trust/mistrust, autonomy/shame & doubt
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trust/mistrust: needs consistently met, world safe - if needs not met, world unsafe
autonomy/shame & doubt - do it on their own - if don't think something wrong with them, doubt capabilites |
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Self-awareness of infants and toddlers
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realize distinct form others -> recognize there are rules -> evaluate themselves -> responsibility
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Anger in toddlerhood
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ability to express negative emotions, want to be autonomous
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Toddler tantrums
why have them? how deal w/them? |
why? - learned they will get what they want
what to do: ignore, take away from situation, remove them (keep them safe, never negociate) |
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Ways that parenting and the home environment can encourage mental development
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respect child, accept child, involvement w/child, daily stimulation, play materials, play environment
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Genie - what did we learn?
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critical periods - certain skills have to be done within (language)
sensitive periods - time best to learn |