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71 Cards in this Set
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pediatrician
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child's physician provides preventive health maintenance for healthy children/medical care for acutely/chronically ill children
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children individuals with bodies/minds grow amazing rate
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first year of life newborn grows from 7-pound 20-inch totally-dependent to toddler weight increased by 200% length by 50%*** learned to communicate ambulate eat drink play wants and needs known
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subsequent years growth in stature abilities not as rapid dramatic but mental physical emotional development is
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from infancy to adolescence parents must
weigh and measure regularly receives immunizations routine checkups developing well |
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cared for when sick or hurt
able to handle pressures life brings |
pediatricians healthcare pros provide comprehessive services children all ages
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specialized care for premature babies routine chekups well-child care
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have expertise and experience help parents give children right start healthy life
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infants and children progess through series growth stages may encounter physical emotional*** challenges common problems
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growth development includes not only physical changes occur from infancy to adolescence ssome of changes in emotionss personality*** behavior thinking speech develop understand interact with world around
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NEWBORN REFLEXES
root reflex*** corner of mouth is stroked touched turn head open mouth follow root in direction of stroking helps find breast/bottle |
suck reflex***
roof of mouth touched with breast/bottle begin to suck starts 36 weeks premies weak or immature sucking ability born prior to development of reflex hand to mouth reflex accompanies rooting/sucking suck on fingers/hands |
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Moro reflex***
startle reflex loud sound movement throws back head throws out arms/legs cries puills arms legs back in sometimes own cries startle initiating this reflex until 5-6 months old |
tonic neck reflex
head turned to one side arm stretches out opposite arm bends up at elbow fencing position until 6-7 months grasp reflex*** holds on to finger when placed in palm |
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Babinski reflex****
sole of foot firmly stroked big toe bends back toward top of foot and othe toes fan out normal until 2 years |
step reflex****
walking or dance reflex when held upright feet touching solid surface |
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baby delivered umbilical cord cut/clamped near navel*** ends dependence placenta for oxygen nutrition
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before birth lungs not used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide need less blood supply
change in pressure*** in lungs help close fetal connections redirect blood flow |
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baby breathes air change in pressure*** in lungs close fetal connections redirect blood flow
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fetal cirulation sends blood supply away from lungs
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blood pumped to lungs help exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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sometimes excess amounts of fluid** in lungs massage and stroking skin helps bring fluid up to be suctioned nose and mouth by cry***
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Apgar test health assesment scoring system 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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A activity muscle tone
P pulse rate G grimace reflex irritability A appearance skin coloe R respiration |
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7-10 normal&***
4-6*** resuscitation oxygen monitoring 3 or less*** immediate |
resuscitation lifesaving techniques
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wet from amniotic fluid warm blankets heat lamps knitted hat skin-to-skin on mom's chest ab keep baby warm
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physical exam
signs baby healthy in min/hrs in delivery room or nursery |
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measurements weight length head circumference
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determine if measurements normal for number of weeks of pregnancy small/underweight/large babies special attention/care
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cord care
cleansing umbilical cord stump purple antiseptic dye*** prevents infection |
Bath
when temp*** stabilized first bath |
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footprints***
taken and recorded in medical record |
Identification
before baby leaves delivery area id bracelets wrist/ankle mom on wrist identical numbers |
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vaginal delivery stay with mom weight length meds*** bath in mom's room placed in mom's arms quickly
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first hour or two after birth alert*** wide awake phase turn to sound of mom's voice 8-12 inches vision mom's arm to face
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begin breast feeding first hour/two meds*** anesthesia to mom during labor delivery affect sucking ability most can breast*** feed in first few hours
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initial feeding stimulate breast milk production causes contracion of mom's uterus prevents excessive bleeding
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cesarean
can be awake for surgery regional anesthesia epidural,spinal part of body numbed |
baby checked by nursery nurseor pediatrician right after delivery in operating room
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mom awake*** rarely need general anesthesia ***difficulty clearing lung fluid and mucus** extra suctioning of nose mouth throat needed sometimes windpipe
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once checked nurse wrap baby warmly brought to mom watched in nursery for short time weighing meds performed there
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breast feeding begins first hours in recovery room
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breast feeding can be done right away just like in a vaginal*** delivery
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IMMUNIZATIONS
vaccinations shots given to infants children different ages keep from developing childhood diseases serious complications/fatal |
Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices, American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians approved series of vaccinations
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MMR ***** measles mumps rubella/German measles
Polio****** vaccine IPV DTaP****** diphtheria tetanus/lockjaw pertussis/whooping cough |
Hib***** vaccine Haemophilus influenzae type b/spinal meningitis
HBV****** hepatitis B |
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Pneumococcal vaccine****** PCV7
pneumonia infection in blood and meningitis |
Varicella *******
chickenpox |
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ALLERGIC RHINITIS
airborne irritants allergens trigger release of histamine****=inflammation fluid productions linings nasal passages sinuses eyelids |
family history 20% children 15-30 percent adolescents 75percent children with asthma have allergic rhinitis
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food allergy
abnormal**** response of body to certain food affects immune system different than food intolerance |
asthma
chronic inflammatory disease airways sensitive to allergens lining of airways swollen/inflamed muscles surround airways tighten production mucus increased mucus plugs airways narrow difficult for air go in and out of lungs |
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croup
disease virus swelling in airways problems breathing stridor=high-pitched sound heard when breathes in inspiration |
croup caused by
respiratory syncytial virus RSV influenza virus measles adenovirus enterovirus |
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upper respiratory infection URI
common cold*****/most common illnesses more doctor visits absences from school/work |
one-year period people in US suffer one billion colds
virus inflames membranes lining of nose throat result 200 different viruses rhinoviruses/coronaviruses cause majority colds |
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influenza
viral infection upper respiratory system nose, bronchial tubes lungs**** |
highly contagious viral infection most severe illnesses of winter season 10-20 percent pop contract flu each year
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fever**** 100.4 degrees Farenheit and higher
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chikenpox
highly childhood contagious**** 95% adults have had it 4 million every year varicella-zoster virus VZV |
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fifth*** disease
viral illness results viral exanthem=rash or skin eruption spread from one child to another direct contact discharge nose throat also infected blood mod contagious no high fever |
hepatitis*****
inflammation liver results liver cell damage destruction |
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Lyme disease
LD multi-stage multi-system bacterial*** infection caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi spiral shaped bacterium transmitted by tick bite |
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INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
mono glandular fever swollen lymph glands chronic fatigue Epstein Barr virus EBV adolescents symptoms disappeared EBV dormant in throat blood cells lifetime reactivate periodically |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
RMSF infection by infected tick******** |
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roseola*****
viral illness =viral exanthem=rash or skin eruption contagious high fever rash develops fever decreases |
acne
chronic disorder of hair follicles and sebaceous**** glands=clogged=pimples, cysts |
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birthmark
areas discolored raised**** skin apparant at birth/few weeks malformed pigment cells or blood vessels 10 in every 100 babies vascular birthmarks blood vessels |
contact dermatitis
physiological***** reaction skin contact substances irritants 80% allergens allergic response 20% |
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seborrheic**** dermatitis cradle cap
infant fine white scales on scalp diaper area face neck trunk clears within first year |
diaper dermatitis******
diaper rash red scaling rarely ulcerated 9-12 months or begin at 2 months |
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impetigo
superficial infection bacteria*** lesions red base open crusty honey-color contagious reinfecting |
lice
tiny insects*** infest skin anywhere on body intense itching contagious body contact clothes |
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3 types of lice
head lice body lice pubic lice |
poison ivy/poison oak
3 Native American plants poison ivy poison oak poison sumak**** |
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plants cause allergic reaction in 85 percent of pop to be allergic first sensitized to oils then next contact rash
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sunburn
visible reaction skin's exposure to UV radiation invisible****** rays part of sunlight |
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ultraviolet rays invisible**** damage to skin excessive/multiple sunburns premature aging of skin/cancer
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skin cancer most common type of cancer in US exposure to sun leading cause skin cancer
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warts
non-cancerous skin growths papillomavirus******** common in children but any age spread to other body parts/people 60types papillomavirus go away without treatment |
conjunctivitis
pink***** eye inflammation of conjunctiva of eye membrane lines inside of ey membrane covers eye |
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hordeolum stye****
inflammation of eyelash children more |
ecchymosis
bruising of eye black**** eye trauma to eye tissue bruised |
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otitis media OM
inflammation in middle ear*** result of cold sore throat respiratory infection |
otitis externa
swimmer's**** ear inflammation external ear canal fungi bacteria water trapped in canal source for growth |
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nosebleeds
epistaxis dry climates winter months dry heat in homes cause drying cracking crusting in nose |
children outgrow tendency for nosebleeds during teenage years
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sinuses
cavities**** air-filled pockets near nasal passage lined with mucous membranes 4 typess |
ethmoid sinus
inside face bridge of nose continues at birth and grows maxillary sinus inside face cheek area present at birth grows |
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frontal sinus
inside face forhead develops at about 7 years |
sphenoid sinus
deep in face behind nose develops at adolescence |
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sinusitis
infection of sinuses near nose occur after allergic inflammation/cold |
pharyngitis=throat/tonsilitis=tonsils
infections in throat cause inflammation pharyngotonsillitis=tonsils and throat |
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colic
3-4 months old prolonged excessive crying |
constipation
decrease in frequency bowel movements fewer than 3/week passage of hard dry bm bm difficult/painful |
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diarrhea
waterey**** stool increased frequency |
GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease
digestive***** disorder gastric acid stomach to esophagus return of acidic stomach juices common in infants |
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hernia
section intestines protrudes**** abdominal muscles soft bulge under skin |
children
around belly-button/umbilical hernia groin area inguinal hernia |
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circumcision
remove skin end of penis foreskin**** |
urinary incontinence enuresis
bedwetting**** accidental urination developmentally able control bladder |
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urinary tract infections UTI
bacterial infection urinary tract |
head injury
most common disability/death children bump/bruise=contusion cut concussion fractured skull internal bleeding damage to brain |
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concussion
injury to head loss of awareness or alertness minutes/hours traumatic event |
contusion
bruise to brain bleeding swelling inside brain |
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skull fracture
break****** in skull bone |
seizure
nerve cells electrial ******activity communicate part of brain burst of abnormal electrical ssignal temp interrupts normal brain function 3-5% before first birthday |
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fracture
partial complete break in bone open/bone visible through skin or closed/broken skin intact |
OVERUSE INJURIES
jumper's knee patellar tendonitis tenderness below knee upper shin patellar tendon pulled on inflammation pain jumping |
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little leaguers' elbow/shoulder
pain in elbow/shoulder after activity repetitive overhead throwing damage inflammation to growth plates bones in arm |
osteochondritis dissecans
knee pain swelling cartilage in knee joint separates from joint surface hereditary/metabolic |
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Server's disease
heel pain limping after running rep. run/jump Achilles tendon pull on heel bone |
shin splints
pain tenderness over shin area excess run/jump on hard surfaces improper shoes |
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sinding-larsen-johansson disease
knee pain after jumping fracture of kneecap rep. extension patellar tendon in knee tendon pulls from bone |
spondylolisthesis back pain excess low back part of vertebra in low back slips forward on vert below it football linemen gymnasts ice skaters
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spondylolysis
back pain excess flexion extension of lower back |
overuse injuries lead to stress ******fractures wek spots or small cracks in bone continuous overuse feet after training no swelling but pain
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SPRAINS STRAINS
minor trauma muscles ligaments tendons****** contusions bruises sprains strains |
common sprain/strain ankle
3 ligaments anterior talofibular ligament posterior talofibular " calcaneofibular ligament |
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contusion bruise
injury to soft-tissue blunt force kick fall or blow pain swelling discoloration |
sprain
wrenching twisting****** injury to ligament ankless knees wrists |
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strain
muscle tendon***** overuse force stretching |
heat cramps
mildest form of heat injury muscle cramps/spasms during/after exercise sweating in high heat |
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heat stroke
severe form heat illness heat-regulating system overwhelmed exessive heat life-threatening emergency immediate med attention |
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorer ADHD
behavior disorder inattention impulsivity hyperactivity by age 7 |
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anorexia nervosa
AN self-starvation low vbody weight less 85% normal weight height age distorted body image****** intense fear gaining weight |
bulimia nervosa
overeating binging purging***** self-induced vomiting laxatives enemas meds urine fasting excess exercise |
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substance abuse
drug problems distress legal problems interferes friendship family relationship illegal substances abuse of legal alcohol most common |
substance dependence*****
continued*** use drugs/alcohol with problems increased tolerance withdrawal symptoms withdrawal from social recreational activities |
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chemical dependence
compulsive******* use of chemicals drugs/alcohol inability to stop despite problems |
learning disorder
difficulty in academic area written expression read/math below what expected for age ed level intelligence***** |
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reading disorder
reads below expected level for age grade intelligence difficulty understanding word recognition confuse words look similar dyslexia |
mathematics disorders
problems skills related to numbers counting copying numbers adding carrying numbers multiplication |
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disorder written expression
difficulty writing skills grammar punctuation spelling paragraph org composing written info |
nightmares
scary dreams***** awaken children afraid to go back to sleep no known reason |
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night terrors
partial waking from sleep screaming kicking panic sleep walking thrashing mumbling |
occur within 2 hours going to sleep harmless ends in deep sleep normal until 6 yrs.
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