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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Dysphoria
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a state of prolonged bouts of sadness
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Anhedonia
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feel little joy in anything they do and lose interest in nearly all activities
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Mania
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abnormally elevated or expansive mood
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Euphoria
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exaggerated sense of well-being
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Bipolar D/O (BP)
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an ongoing combination of extreme highs and extreme lows
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Overview of Mood Disorders
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- children with mood d/o suffer from extreme, persistent, or poorly regulated emotional states- for example, excessive unhappiness or swings in mood from deep sadness to high elation
- Mood d/o are common and among the most persistent and disabling illnesses in young people - There are two major types of mood d/o: depressive disorders and bipolar disorder |
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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
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- has a minimum duration of 2 weeks and is associated with: depressed mood, loss of interest, other symptoms, and a significant impairment in functioning
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Five or more of the following with at least one being 1 or 2:
1) depressed mood 2) markedly diminished interest/anhedonia 3) significant weight loss or weight gain 4) insomnia or hypersomnia 5) psychomotor agitation or retardation 6) fatigue 7) feelings of worthlessness or excessive/inappropriate guilt 8) diminished ability to think or concentrate 9) recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideatioin |
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Dysthymic Disorder
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- has a longer duration (1 year) and less severity of symptoms associated with MDD
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depressed mood for most of the day on most days for at least 1 year
Presence of 2+ of the following: - poor appetite or overeating - insomnia or hypersomnia - low energy or fatigue - low self esteem - poor concentration or difficulty making decisions - feelings of hopelessness |
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Overview of Depression
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- Depression in young people involves numerous and persistent symptoms, including impairments in mood, behavior, attitudes, thinking, and physical functioning
- For a long time, it was mistakenly believed that depression didn't exist in children in a form comparable to depression in adults - it is now known that depression in young people is prevalent, disabling, and often under-referred. - The way in which children express and experience depression changes with age - It is important to distinguish between depression as a symptom, syndrome, and disorder - Depressive d/o come in two types: MDD and dysthymic |
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Overview of MDD
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- The key features of MDD are: sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, irritability, plus many specific symptoms that are present for a duration of at least 2 weeks
- The overall prevelence of MDD for 4-18 is 2-8%, with rates that are low during childhood but increasing dramatically during adolescence - The most frequent accompanying d/o in youngsters with depression are: anxiety d/o, dysthymia, conduct problems, ADHD and substance use - Almost all youngsters recover from their first depressive episode; but about 70% have another episode w/in 5 years and many develop bipolar d/o - Depression in preadolescent children is equally common in boys and girls; but, the ratio of girls to boys is about 2:1 to 3:1 after puberty - the relationships among depression and race and ethnicity during childhood is an uderstudied area |
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Double Depression
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where a major depressive episode is superimposed on the child's previous dysthymia, causing the child to present with both d/o
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Overview of DD
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- children w/ DD display depressive symptoms on most days for >1year
- about 5% of children and adolescents have an episode of dysthymia by the end of adolescence - the most common accompaning d/o w/ DD are: sumperimposed MDD, anxiety d/o, CD, and ADHD - the most common age of onset for DD is 11-12 w/ an average episode length of 2-5years - almost all youngsters eventually recover from DD, but many develop MDD - children who recover from DD differ mainly from other children on measures of psychosocial functioning |
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Overview of Associated Characteristics of Depressive D/o
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- youngsters w/ depression have normal intelligence, although certain symptoms (i.e. difficulty concentrating, loss of interest, slowness of thought) may negatively affect intellectual functioning
- perform more poorly in school, score lower on standardized achievement tests, and have lower levels of grade attainment - often experience deficits and distortions in their thinking, including negative beliefs, attributions of failure, and self critical automatic negative thoughts - almost all youngsters with depression experience low or unstable self-esteem - have few friends and close relationships, feel lonely and isolated and feel that others dont like them - they experience poor relations and conflict with their parents and siblings who in turn may respond in a negative, dismissing, or harsh manner - most report suicidal thinking and 16-30% attempt |
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Psychodynamic Theory of Depression
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introjection of the lost object; anger turned inward; excessive severity of the superego; loss of self esteem
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Attachment Theory of Depression
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insecure early attachments; distorted internal working models of self and others
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Behavioral Theory of Depression
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Lack or loss of reinforcement or quality of reinforcement; defecits in skills needed to obtain reinforcement
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Cognitive Theory of Depression
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Depressive mindset; distorted or maladaptive cognitive structurs, processes, and products; negative view of self, world, and future; moor problem solving ability; hopelessness
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